PubMed

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2024 Apr 26;245:116181. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116181. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHemp-sprouts are emerging as a new class of attractive functional food due to their numerous health benefits when compared to other sprout species. Indeed, the high content of beneficial components including polyphenols and flavonoids makes this type of food a promising and successful market. However, the available literature on this topic is limited and often conflicting as regards to the content of phytocannabinoids. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) was applied in an untargeted metabolomics fashion to extracts of hemp seeds, sprouts and microgreens of nine different genotypes. Both unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical analysis was performed to reveal variety-specific profiles of phytocannabinoids with surprisingly remarkable levels of phytocannabinoids even in chemotype V samples. Furthermore, a targeted HPLC-HRMS analysis was carried out for the quantitative determination of the major phytocannabinoids including CBDA, CBD, CBGA, CBG, CBCA, CBC, THCA, and trans-Δ9-THC. The last part of the study was focused on the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition of CBCA in hemp seeds, sprouts and microgreens in the different varieties by HPLC-CD (HPLC with online circular dichroism). Chiral analysis of CBCA showed a wide variability of its enantiomeric composition in the different varieties, thus contributing to the understanding of the intriguing stereochemical behavior of this compound in an early growth stage. However, further investigation is needed to determine the genetic factors responsible for the low enantiopurity of this compound.PMID:38723555 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116181

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Apr 25;211:108666. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108666. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNitrogen (N) is the nutrient most applied in agriculture as fertilizer (as nitrate, Nit; ammonium, A; and/or urea, U, forms) and its availability strongly constrains the crop growth and yield. To investigate the early response (24 h) of N-deficient tomato plants to these three N forms, a physiological and molecular study was performed. In comparison to N-deficient plants, significant changes in the transcriptional, metabolomic and ionomic profiles were observed. As a probable consequence of N mobility in plants, a wide metabolic modulation occurred in old leaves rather than in young leaves. The metabolic profile of U and A-treated plants was more similar than Nit-treated plant profile, which in turn presented the lowest metabolic modulation with respect to N-deficient condition. Urea and A forms induced some changes at the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids and phytohormones. Interestingly, a specific up-regulation by U and down-regulation by A of carbon synthesis occurred in roots. Along with the gene expression, data suggest that the specific N form influences the activation of metabolic pathways for its assimilation (cytosolic GS/AS and/or plastidial GS/GOGAT cycle). Urea induced an up-concentration of Cu and Mn in leaves and Zn in whole plant. This study highlights a metabolic reprogramming depending on the N form applied, and it also provide evidence of a direct relationship between urea nutrition and Zn concentration. The understanding of the metabolic pathways activated by the different N forms represents a milestone in improving the efficiency of urea fertilization in crops.PMID:38723490 | DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108666

J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 6;472:134523. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134523. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUrban ecosystems are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stresses, which impact aquatic communities. Artificial light at night (ALAN) for instance can significantly alter the composition of algal communities as well as the photosynthetic cycles of autotrophic organisms, possibly leading to cellular oxidative stress. The combined effects of ALAN and chemical contamination could increase oxidative impacts in aquatic primary producers, although such combined effects remain insufficiently explored. To address this knowledge gap, a one-month experimental approach was implemented under controlled conditions to elucidate effects of ALAN and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (DDBAC) on aquatic biofilms. DDBAC is a biocide commonly used in virucidal products, and is found in urban aquatic ecosystems. The bioaccumulation of DDBAC in biofilms exposed or not to ALAN was analyzed. The responses of taxonomic composition, photosynthetic activity, and fatty acid composition of biofilms were examined. The results indicate that ALAN negatively affects photosynthetic yield and chlorophyll production of biofilms. Additionally, exposure to DDBAC at environmental concentrations induces lipid peroxidation, with an increase of oxylipins. This experimental study provides first insights on the consequences of ALAN and DDBAC for aquatic ecosystems. It also opens avenues for the identification of new biomarkers that could be used to monitor urban pollution impacts in natural environments.PMID:38723485 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134523

Environ Int. 2024 May 1;187:108709. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108709. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHeavy metals are commonly released into the environment through industrial processes such as mining and refining. The rapid industrialization that occurred in South Korea during the 1960s and 1970s contributed significantly to the economy of the country; however, the associated mining and refining led to considerable environmental pollution, and although mining is now in decline in South Korea, the detrimental effects on residents inhabiting the surrounding areas remain. The bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals leads to metabolic alterations in human homeostasis, with disruptions in this balance leading to various health issues. This study used metabolomics to explore metabolomic alterations in the plasma samples of residents living in mining and refining areas. The results showed significant increases in metabolites involved in glycolysis and the surrounding metabolic pathways, such as glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, lactate, and inosine monophosphate, in those inhabiting polluted areas. An investigation of the associations between metabolites and blood clinical parameters through meet-in-the-middle analysis indicated that female residents were more affected by heavy metal exposure, resulting in more metabolomic alterations. For women, inhabiting the abandoned mine area, metabolites in the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, such as ribose-5-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate, have shown a negative correlation with albumin and calcium. Finally, Mendelian randomization(MR) was used to determine the causal effects of these heavy metal exposure-related metabolites on heavy metal exposure-related clinical parameters. Metabolite biomarkers could provide insights into altered metabolic pathways related to exposure to toxic heavy metals and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the health effects of toxic heavy metal exposure.PMID:38723457 | DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108709

Environ Int. 2024 May 3;187:108716. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108716. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBenzotriazoles (BTRs) are a class of benzoheterocyclic chemicals that are frequently used as metal-corrosive inhibitors, both in industry and daily use. However, the exposure effect information on BTRs remains relatively limited. In this study, an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach was utilized to evaluate the effect of three BTRs, benzotriazole, 6-chloro-1-hydroxi-benzotriazole, and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole, in the mouse liver with results showing disrupted basal metabolic processes and vitamin and cofactor metabolism after 28 days. The expression of several genes that are related to the inflammatory response and aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways, such as Gstt2 and Arntl, was altered by the exposure to BTRs. Exposure to BTRs also affected metabolites and genes that are involved in the immune system and xenobiotic responses. The altered expression of several cytochrome P450 family genes reveal a potential detoxification mechanism in the mouse liver. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the multilayer response of the mouse liver to BTRs exposure as well as a resource for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms by which the response occurs.PMID:38723456 | DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108716

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 May 8;278:116436. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116436. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExcessive exposure to light is a global issue. Artificial light pollution has been shown to disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm. To investigate the impacts of light on metabolism, we studied Sprague-Dawley rats chronically exposed to red or blue light during daytime or nighttime. Rats in the experimental group were exposed to extended light for 4 hours during daytime or nighttime to simulate the effects of excessive light usage. Strikingly, we found systemic metabolic alterations only induced by blue light during daytime. Furthermore, we conducted metabolomic analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid, serum, heart, liver, spleen, adrenal, cerebellum, pituitary, prostate, spermatophore, hypothalamus and kidney from rats in the control and blue light exposure during daytime. Significant changes in metabolites have been observed in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, hypothalamus and kidney of rats exposed to blue light during daytime. Metabolic alterations observed in rats encompassing pyruvate metabolism, glutathione metabolism homocysteine degradation, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis, exhibit analogous patterns to those inherent in specific physiological processes, notably neurodevelopment, cellular injury, oxidative stress, and autophagic pathways. Our study provides insights into tissue-specific metabolic changes in rats exposed to blue light during the daytime and may help explain potential mechanisms of photopathogenesis.PMID:38723383 | DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116436

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 May 9. doi: 10.1007/s10096-024-04837-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPURPOSE: Aztreonam/avibactam is effective against serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacterales harboring metallo-β-lactamases. While the utility of this combination has been established in vitro and in clinical trials, the purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism responsible for their activities through metabolomic profiling of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate.METHODS: Metabolomic analyses of time-dependent changes in endogenous bacterial metabolites in a clinical isolate of a multidrug-resistant E. coli treated with aztreonam and avibactam were performed. E. coli metabolomes were compared at 15 min, 1 h and 24 h following treatments with either avibactam (4 mg/L), aztreonam (4 mg/L), or aztreonam (4 mg/L) + avibactam (4 mg/L).RESULTS: Drug treatment affected 326 metabolites with magnitude changes of at least 2-fold, most of which are involved primarily in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The feedstocks for peptidoglycan synthesis were depleted by aztreonam/avibactam combination; a significant downstream increase in nucleotide metabolites and a release of lipids were observed at the three timepoints.CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the aztreonam/avibactam combination accelerates structural damage to the bacterial membrane structure and their actions were immediate and sustained compared to aztreonam or avibactam alone. By inhibiting the production of crucial cell wall precursors, the combination may have inflicted damages on bacterial DNA.PMID:38722450 | DOI:10.1007/s10096-024-04837-4

Metabolomics. 2024 May 9;20(3):52. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02110-5.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Metabolite signatures for blood pressure (BP) may reveal biomarkers, elucidate pathogenesis, and provide prevention targets for high BP. Knowledge regarding metabolites associated with BP in adolescence remains limited.OBJECTIVES: Investigate the associations between metabolites and adolescent BP, both cross-sectionally (in early and late adolescence) and prospectively (from early to late adolescence).METHODS: Participants are from the Project Viva prospective cohort. During the early (median: 12.8 years; N = 556) and late (median: 17.4 years; N = 501) adolescence visits, we conducted untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling and measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). We used linear regression to identify metabolites cross-sectionally associated with BP at each time point, and to assess prospective associations of changes in metabolite levels from early to late adolescence with late adolescence BP. We used Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis and Spearman's partial correlation to identify metabolite clusters associated with BP at each time point.RESULTS: In the linear models, higher androgenic steroid levels were consistently associated with higher SBP and DBP in early and late adolescence. A cluster of 59 metabolites, mainly composed of androgenic steroids, correlated with higher SBP and DBP in early adolescence. A cluster primarily composed of fatty acid lipids was marginally associated with higher SBP in females in late adolescence. Multiple metabolites, including those in the creatine and purine metabolism sub-pathways, were associated with higher SBP and DBP both cross-sectionally and prospectively.CONCLUSION: Our results shed light on the potential metabolic processes and pathophysiology underlying high BP in adolescents.PMID:38722414 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-024-02110-5

Metabolomics. 2024 May 9;20(3):53. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02113-2.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Despite the well-recognized health benefits, the mechanisms and site of action of metformin remains elusive. Metformin-induced global lipidomic changes in plasma of animal models and human subjects have been reported. However, there is a lack of systemic evaluation of metformin-induced lipidomic changes in different tissues. Metformin uptake requires active transporters such as organic cation transporters (OCTs), and hence, it is anticipated that metformin actions are tissue-dependent. In this study, we aim to characterize metformin effects in non-diabetic male mice with a special focus on lipidomics analysis. The findings from this study will help us to better understand the cell-autonomous (direct actions in target cells) or non-cell-autonomous (indirect actions in target cells) mechanisms of metformin and provide insights into the development of more potent yet safe drugs targeting a particular organ instead of systemic metabolism for metabolic regulations without major side effects.OBJECTIVES: To characterize metformin-induced lipidomic alterations in different tissues of non-diabetic male mice and further identify lipids affected by metformin through cell-autonomous or systemic mechanisms based on the correlation between lipid alterations in tissues and the corresponding in-tissue metformin concentrations.METHODS: A dual extraction method involving 80% methanol followed by MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) extraction enables the analysis of free fatty acids, polar metabolites, and lipids. Extracts from tissues and plasma of male mice treated with or without metformin in drinking water for 12 days were analyzed using HILIC chromatography coupled to Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer or reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS scan workflow (hybrid mode) on LC-Orbitrap Exploris 480 mass spectrometer using biologically relevant lipids-containing inclusion list for data-independent acquisition (DIA), named as BRI-DIA workflow followed by data-dependent acquisition (DDA), to maximum the coverage of lipids and minimize the negative effect of stochasticity of precursor selection on experimental consistency and reproducibility.RESULTS: Lipidomics analysis of 6 mouse tissues and plasma allowed a systemic evaluation of lipidomic changes induced by metformin in different tissues. We observed that (1) the degrees of lipidomic changes induced by metformin treatment overly correlated with tissue concentrations of metformin; (2) the impact on lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and cardiolipins was positively correlated with tissue concentrations of metformin, while neutral lipids such as triglycerides did not correlate with the corresponding tissue metformin concentrations; (3) increase of intestinal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates after metformin treatment.CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study from non-diabetic mice with 12-day metformin treatment suggest that the overall metabolic effect of metformin is positively correlated with tissue concentrations and the effect on individual lipid subclass is via both cell-autonomous mechanisms (cardiolipins and lysoPC) and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms (triglycerides).PMID:38722395 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-024-02113-2

Metabolomics. 2024 May 9;20(3):50. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02109-y.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Analysis of time-resolved postprandial metabolomics data can improve our understanding of the human metabolism by revealing similarities and differences in postprandial responses of individuals. Traditional data analysis methods often rely on data summaries or univariate approaches focusing on one metabolite at a time.OBJECTIVES: Our goal is to provide a comprehensive picture in terms of the changes in the human metabolism in response to a meal challenge test, by revealing static and dynamic markers of phenotypes, i.e., subject stratifications, related clusters of metabolites, and their temporal profiles.METHODS: We analyze Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements of plasma samples collected during a meal challenge test from 299 individuals from the COPSAC2000 cohort using a Nightingale NMR panel at the fasting and postprandial states (15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 240 min). We investigate the postprandial dynamics of the metabolism as reflected in the dynamic behaviour of the measured metabolites. The data is arranged as a three-way array: subjects by metabolites by time. We analyze the fasting state data to reveal static patterns of subject group differences using principal component analysis (PCA), and fasting state-corrected postprandial data using the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor factorization to reveal dynamic markers of group differences.RESULTS: Our analysis reveals dynamic markers consisting of certain metabolite groups and their temporal profiles showing differences among males according to their body mass index (BMI) in response to the meal challenge. We also show that certain lipoproteins relate to the group difference differently in the fasting vs. dynamic state. Furthermore, while similar dynamic patterns are observed in males and females, the BMI-related group difference is observed only in males in the dynamic state.CONCLUSION: The CP model is an effective approach to analyze time-resolved postprandial metabolomics data, and provides a compact but a comprehensive summary of the postprandial data revealing replicable and interpretable dynamic markers crucial to advance our understanding of changes in the metabolism in response to a meal challenge.PMID:38722393 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-024-02109-y

Metabolomics. 2024 May 9;20(3):51. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02117-y.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: The (un)targeted analysis of endogenous compounds has gained interest in the field of forensic postmortem investigations. The blood metabolome is influenced by many factors, and postmortem specimens are considered particularly challenging due to unpredictable decomposition processes.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically investigate the influence of the time since death on endogenous compounds and its relevance in designing postmortem metabolome studies.METHODS: Femoral blood samples of 427 authentic postmortem cases, were collected at two time points after death (854 samples in total; t1: admission to the institute, 1.3-290 h; t2: autopsy, 11-478 h; median ∆t = 71 h). All samples were analyzed using an untargeted metabolome approach, and peak areas were determined for 38 compounds (acylcarnitines, amino acids, phospholipids, and others). Differences between t2 and t1 were assessed by Wilcoxon signed-ranked test (p < 0.05). Moreover, all samples (n = 854) were binned into time groups (6 h, 12 h, or 24 h intervals) and compared by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05 each) to investigate the effect of the estimated time since death.RESULTS: Except for serine, threonine, and PC 34:1, all tested analytes revealed statistically significant changes between t1 and t2 (highest median increase 166%). Unpaired analysis of all 854 blood samples in-between groups indicated similar results. Significant differences were typically observed between blood samples collected within the first and later than 48 h after death, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: To improve the consistency of comprehensive data evaluation in postmortem metabolome studies, it seems advisable to only include specimens collected within the first 2 days after death.PMID:38722380 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-024-02117-y

Food Funct. 2024 May 9. doi: 10.1039/d3fo02641h. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHawthorn fruits have a sweet and sour taste, besides having beneficial therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, making them widely used in food and clinical medicine. However, their hypotensive effects and potential mechanisms of anti-hypertension still need to be elucidated. This study aims to explore the antihypertensive effect of hawthorn and its monomer hyperoside on spontaneously hypertensive rats through pharmacodynamics, serum metabolomics, and in vivo mechanism studies. After 7 weeks of intervention with hawthorn extract and hyperoside, the blood pressure was significantly reduced. Aortic vascular staining results showed that the injury was significantly improved after intervention with hawthorn extract and hyperoside. According to the serum metabolomics study, the main metabolic pathway regulating blood pressure in hawthorn extract and hyperoside groups was the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway. Quantitative experiments confirmed that the level of bile acid in the model group was significantly different from that in the normal group, while that in the hawthorn group and the hyperoside group was close to that in the normal group. Based on the prediction of bile acid-hypertension related targets and the literature, nine genes involved in bile acid metabolism and inflammatory pathways were selected for further study. The FXR, TGR5, ET-1, NOS3, Akt1, TNF-α, Ptgs2, ACE2 and Kdr mRNA expression levels in the hawthorn extract and hyperoside groups were significantly different from those in the model groups. In summary, hawthorn extract and hyperoside have a hypotensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats through bile acid and inflammation related targets. Hence, hawthorn extract has the potential to become a functional food or an alternative therapy for hypertension.PMID:38722076 | DOI:10.1039/d3fo02641h

Plant Cell Environ. 2024 May 9. doi: 10.1111/pce.14936. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWaterlogging stress (WS) hinders kernel development and directly reduces peanut yield; however, the mechanism of kernel filling in response to WS remains unknown. The waterlogging-sensitive variety Huayu 39 was subjected to WS for 3 days at 7 days after the gynophores touched the ground (DAG). We found that WS affected kernel filling at 14, 21, and 28 DAG. WS decreased the average filling rate and kernel dry weight, while transcriptome sequencing and widely targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that WS inhibited the gene expression in starch and sucrose metabolism, which reduced sucrose input and transformation ability. Additionally, genes related to ethylene and melatonin synthesis and the accumulation of tryptophan and methionine were upregulated in response to WS. WS upregulated the expression of the gene encoding tryptophan decarboxylase (AhTDC), and overexpression of AhTDC in Arabidopsis significantly reduced the seed length, width, and weight. Therefore, WS reduced the kernel-filling rate, leading to a reduction in the 100-kernel weight. This survey informs the development of measures that alleviate the negative impact of WS on peanut yield and quality and provides a basis for exploring high-yield and high-quality cultivation, molecular-assisted breeding, and waterlogging prevention in peanut farming.PMID:38722055 | DOI:10.1111/pce.14936

Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2347725. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2347725. Epub 2024 May 9.ABSTRACTThe gut commensal bacteria Christensenellaceae species are negatively associated with many metabolic diseases, and have been seen as promising next-generation probiotics. However, the cultured Christensenellaceae strain resources were limited, and their beneficial mechanisms for improving metabolic diseases have yet to be explored. In this study, we developed a method that enabled the enrichment and cultivation of Christensenellaceae strains from fecal samples. Using this method, a collection of Christensenellaceae Gut Microbial Biobank (ChrisGMB) was established, composed of 87 strains and genomes that represent 14 species of 8 genera. Seven species were first described and the cultured Christensenellaceae resources have been significantly expanded at species and strain levels. Christensenella strains exerted different abilities in utilization of various complex polysaccharides and other carbon sources, exhibited host-adaptation capabilities such as acid tolerance and bile tolerance, produced a wide range of volatile probiotic metabolites and secondary bile acids. Cohort analyses demonstrated that Christensenellaceae and Christensenella were prevalent in various cohorts and the abundances were significantly reduced in T2D and OB cohorts. At species level, Christensenellaceae showed different changes among healthy and disease cohorts. C. faecalis, F. tenuis, L. tenuis, and Guo. tenuis significantly reduced in all the metabolic disease cohorts. The relative abundances of C. minuta, C. hongkongensis and C. massiliensis showed no significant change in NAFLD and ACVD. and C. tenuis and C. acetigenes showed no significant change in ACVD, and Q. tenuis and Geh. tenuis showed no significant change in NAFLD, when compared with the HC cohort. So far as we know, this is the largest collection of cultured resource and first exploration of Christensenellaceae prevalences and abundances at species level.PMID:38722028 | DOI:10.1080/19490976.2024.2347725

Skin Res Technol. 2024 May;30(5):e13706. doi: 10.1111/srt.13706.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The incidence rates of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) skin cancers are rising, while the current diagnostic process is time-consuming. We describe the development of a novel approach to high-throughput sampling of tissue lipids using electroporation-based biopsy, termed e-biopsy. We report on the ability of the e-biopsy technique to harvest large amounts of lipids from human skin samples.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, 168 lipids were reliably identified from 12 patients providing a total of 13 samples. The extracted lipids were profiled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) providing cSCC, BCC, and healthy skin lipidomic profiles.RESULTS: Comparative analysis identified 27 differentially expressed lipids (p < 0.05). The general profile trend is low diglycerides in both cSCC and BCC, high phospholipids in BCC, and high lyso-phospholipids in cSCC compared to healthy skin tissue samples.CONCLUSION: The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge that can potentially lead to novel insights into these skin cancers and demonstrate the potential of the e-biopsy technique for the analysis of lipidomic profiles of human skin tissues.PMID:38721854 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13706

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 May 9. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00225.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe exocyst and Ift88 are necessary for primary ciliogenesis. Overexpression of Exoc5 (OE), a central exocyst component, resulted in longer cilia and enhanced injury recovery. Mitochondria are involved in acute kidney injury (AKI). To investigate cilia and mitochondria, basal respiration and mitochondrial maximal and spare respiratory capacity were measured in: Exoc5 OE, Exoc5 knockdown (KD), Exoc5 ciliary targeting sequence mutant (CTS-mut), control MDCK, Ift88 knockout (KO), and Ift88 rescue cells. In Exoc5 KD, Exoc5 CTS-mut, and Ift88 KO cells, these parameters were decreased. In Exoc5 OE and Ift88 rescue cells they were increased. Reactive oxygen species were higher in Exoc5 KD, Exoc5 CTS-mut, and Ift88 KO cells compared to Exoc5 OE, control, and Ift88 rescue cells. By EM, mitochondria appeared abnormal in Exoc5 KD, Exoc5 CTS-mut, and Ift88 KO cells. A metabolomics screen of control, Exoc5 KD, Exoc5 CTS-mut, Exoc5 OE, Ift88 KO, and Ift88 rescue cells showed a marked increase in tryptophan levels in Exoc5 CTS-mut (113-fold) and Exoc5 KD (58-fold) compared to control cells. A 21% increase was seen in Ift88 KO compared to rescue cells. In Exoc5 OE compared to control cells tryptophan was decreased 59%. To determine effects of ciliary loss on AKI, we generated proximal tubule-specific Exoc5 and Ift88 KO mice. These mice had loss of primary cilia, decreased mitochondrial ATP synthase, and increased tryptophan in proximal tubules with greater injury following ischemia reperfusion. These data indicate that cilia deficient renal tubule cells are primed for injury with mitochondrial defects in tryptophan metabolism.PMID:38721661 | DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00225.2023

Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 24;15:1394447. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394447. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Valsa canker, caused by Cytospora mali, is a destructive disease in apple production. However, the mechanism by which apple defend against C. mali infection remains unclear.METHODS: In this study, the integrative transcriptional and metabolic analysis were used to investigate the responses of the 'Jin Hong' apple branches to the invasion of C. mali.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the pathways of carbon metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, and biosynthesis of amino acids pathways. Additionally, the differentially accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways. Conjoint analysis revealed that C. mali infection significantly altered 5 metabolic pathways, 8 highly relevant metabolites and 15 genes of apples. Among which the transcription factors WRKY and basic domain leucine zipper transcription family were induced, the α-linolenic acid and betaine were significantly accumulated in C. mali infected apple stems. This work presents an overview of the changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles in apple under the inoculation of C. mali, which may help to further screen out the mechanism of plant-pathogen interaction at the molecular level.PMID:38721601 | PMC:PMC11076740 | DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394447

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Apr 24;15:1355832. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355832. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTLycium barbarum L., commonly known as wolfberry, is not only a traditional Chinese medicine but also a highly nutritious food. Its main nutrients include L. barbarum polysaccharide, flavonoid polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds, demonstrating its wide application value. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on the accumulation of the main nutrients and metabolites in wolfberry fruits under three different nitrogen application rates, namely, N1 (20% nitrogen (N) reduction, 540 kg·ha-2), N2 (medium N, 675 kg·ha-2), and N3 (20% nitrogen increase, 810 kg·ha-2,which is a local conventional nitrogen application amount.). Additionally, due to continuous branching, blossoming, and fruiting of wolfberry plants during the annual growth period, this research also explored the variation in nutritional composition among different harvesting batches. The contents of total sugar and polysaccharide in wolfberry fruit were determined by Fehling reagent method and phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively;The content of betaine in fruit was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography,and the flavonoids and carotene in the wolfberry fruits were determined by spectrophotometry. Analysis of data over three consecutive years revealed that as nitrogen application increased, the total sugar content in wolfberry fruits initially decreased and then increased. The levels of L. barbarum polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total carotenoids initially increased and then decreased, while the betaine content consistently increased. Different picking batches significantly impacted the nutrient content of wolfberry fruits. Generally, the first batch of summer wolfberry fruits had greater amounts of total sugar and flavonoids, whereas other nutrients peaked in the third batch. By employing a broadly targeted metabolomics approach, 926 different metabolites were identified. The top 20 differentially abundant metabolites were selected for heatmap generation, revealing that the contents of L-citrulline, 2-methylglutaric acid, and adipic acid increased proportionally to the nitrogen gradient. Conversely, the dibutyl phthalate and 2, 4-dihydroxyquinoline contents significantly decreased under high-nitrogen conditions. The remaining 15 differentially abundant metabolites, kaempferol-3-O-sophorosid-7-O-rhamnoside, trigonelline, and isorhamnosid-3-O-sophoroside, initially increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen levels. Isofraxidin, a common differentially abundant metabolite across all treatments, is a coumarin that may serve as a potential biomarker for wolfberry fruit response to nitrogen. Differentially abundant metabolites were analyzed for GO pathway involvement, revealing significant enrichment in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites under different nitrogen treatments. In conclusion, a nitrogen application of 675 kg·ha-2, 20% less than the local farmers' actual application, was most beneficial for the quality of four-year-old Ningqi 7 wolfberry fruits. Consumers who purchase wolfberry-dried fruit for health benefits should not consider only the first batch of summer wolfberry fruits. These results offer a broader perspective for enhancing the quality and efficiency of the wolfberry industry.PMID:38721340 | PMC:PMC11076786 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1355832

Front Vet Sci. 2024 Apr 24;11:1340849. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1340849. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Pigs are often used to study the intestinal development of newborns, particularly as preterm pig models that mimic the intestinal growth of human preterm infants. Neonatology's study of delivery mode's impact on neonatal development is crucial.METHODS: We established 14 newborn pigs delivered via cesarean sections (C-section, at 113 days of gestational age, CS group) and 8 naturally born pigs were used as controls (at 114 days of gestational age, NF group). The impact of two alternative delivery procedures (C-section and natural birth) on the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids in the hepatic and intestines of newborn pigs were compared using metabolomics. The underlying molecular pathways are examined at the "protein-metabolite" level by integrating proteomic data.RESULTS: The findings demonstrated that the mode of delivery changed the metabolism of SCFAs in newborn pigs, perhaps by affecting the physiology levels of cyclic intermediates such as lactate and malate in the pyruvate metabolic pathway. Additionally, by participating in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, two distinct proteins (FASN and HSD17B4) may impact the physiological concentration of these tiny metabolites.DISCUSSION: In conclusion, this study provided reliable animal model data for understanding the physiological SCFA metabolic information and its affecting mechanism of large-gestational age preterm infants.PMID:38721154 | PMC:PMC11076856 | DOI:10.3389/fvets.2024.1340849

Front Nutr. 2024 Apr 24;11:1371995. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1371995. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common public health problem, which is characterized as impairment of renal function. The associations between blood metabolites and renal function remained unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effect of various circulation metabolites on renal function based on metabolomics.METHODS: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the causality of genetically determined metabolites on renal function. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 metabolites was used as the exposure, while summary-level data for creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or CKD occurrence were set the outcomes. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used for primary causality analysis and other methods including weight median, MR-egger, and MR-PRESSO were applied as complementary analysis. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analysis. For the identified metabolites, reverse MR analysis, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis were performed for further evaluation. The causality of the identified metabolites on renal function was further validated using GWAS data for cystatin-C-based eGFR. All statistical analyses were performed in R software.RESULTS: In this MR analysis, a total of 44 suggestive associations corresponding to 34 known metabolites were observed. After complementary analysis and sensitivity analysis, robust causative associations between two metabolites (betaine and N-acetylornithine) and renal function were identified. Reverse MR analysis showed no causal effects of renal function on betaine and N-acetylornithine. MVMR analysis revealed that genetically predicted betaine and N-acetylornithine could directly influence independently of each other. The causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine were also found on cystatin-C-based eGFR.CONCLUSION: Our study provided evidence to support the causal effects of betaine and N-acetylornithine on renal function. These findings required further investigations to conduct mechanism exploration and drug target selection of these identified metabolites.PMID:38721027 | PMC:PMC11078220 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1371995