PubMed

Genomics. 2023 Feb 14:110581. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110581. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFish farms are prone to disease outbreaks and stress due to high-density rearing conditions in tanks and sea cages, adversely affecting growth, reproduction, and metabolism. To understand the molecular mechanisms affected in the gonads of breeder fish after an immune challenge, we investigated the metabolome and the transcriptome profiles in zebrafish testes after inducing an immune response. After 48 h of the immune challenge, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS) and transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq (Illumina) resulted in 20 different released metabolites and 80 differentially expressed genes. Among these, glutamine and succinic acid were the most abundant metabolites released and 27,5% of the genes belong to either the immune or reproduction systems. Pathway analysis based on metabolomic and transcriptomic crosstalk identified cad and iars genes that act simultaneously with succinate metabolite. This study deciphers interactions between reproduction and immune systems and provides a basis to improve protocols in generating more resistant broodstock.PMID:36796654 | DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110581

Environ Pollut. 2023 Feb 14;323:121280. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121280. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:36796308 | DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121280

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022 Nov 29;227:115187. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115187. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe differentiation of raw herbal products from similar species have been achieved by plant metabolomics. However, the distinguishment on various processed products with improved activities and wide clinical utilization from similar species is still tricky due to obscure composition variations during processing. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of phytoecdysteroids in Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) and its three analogous species, which were all called Niuxi in Chinese, was conducted on UPLC-HRMS by integrating dynamic exclusion acquisition with data post-processing of targeted multilateral mass defect filter. Two most frequently used species, AB and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (CO) were systematically compared with plant metabolomics methods. And the differential components from the raw materials were evaluated on the ability of distinguishing processed products. The substitution of hydroxyl groups on C-21, C-20, C-22 and C-25 were determined by characteristic mass differences, leading to systematical characterization of 281 phytoecdysteroids. In plant metabolomics studies of raw AB and CO, 16 potential markers were filtered by VIP value > 1, and displayed satisfactory differentiation on the processed AB and CO. The results facilitated the quality control of the four species, especially the processed products of AB and CO, also provided a reference method for the quality control of other processed products.PMID:36796274 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115187

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2023 Feb 2;1217:123627. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123627. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The herbal pair of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep (DG) is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The drug pair DG was designed by Dr. Zhu chenyu to improve the treatment of T2DM.AIM: This study combined with systematic pharmacology and urine metabonomics to explore the mechanism of DG in the treatment of T2DM.METHODS: The therapeutic effect of DG on T2DM was evaluated by fasting blood glucose (FBG) and biochemical indexes. Systematic pharmacology was used to screen the active components and targets that may be related to DG. Metabonomics was established to find urinary metabolites and pathways that may be induced by DG. Finally, integrate the results of these two parts for mutual verification.RESULTS: FBG and biochemical indexes showed that DG could reduce FBG and adjust the related biochemical indexes. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 39 metabolites were related to DG for T2DM treatment. In addition, systematic pharmacology showed compounds and potential targets which were associated with DG. Finally, 12 promising targets were selected as targets for T2DM therapy by integrating the results.CONCLUSION: The combination of metabonomics and systematic pharmacology based on LC-MS is feasible and effective, which provides strong support for exploring the effective components and pharmacological mechanism of TCM.PMID:36796216 | DOI:10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123627

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Feb 14;253:114616. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114616. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTManganese (Mn) accumulates in the central nervous system and can cause neurotoxicity, but the mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of zebrafish brain after Mn exposure and identified 10 cell types by marker genes: cholinergic neurons, dopaminergic (DA) neurons, glutaminergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, neuronal precursors, other neurons, microglia, oligodendrocyte, radial glia, and undefined cells. Each cell type has its distinct transcriptome profile. Pseudotime analysis revealed that DA neurons had a critical role in Mn-induced neurological damage. Combined with metabolomic data, chronic Mn exposure significantly impaired amino acid and lipid metabolic processes in the brain. Furthermore, we found that Mn exposure disrupted the ferroptosis signaling pathway in the DA neurons in zebrafish. Overall, our study employed joint analysis of multi-omics and revealed ferroptosis signaling pathway is a novel potential mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity.PMID:36796209 | DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114616

Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2023 Feb 9;46:101061. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101061. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhether in aquaculture or in nature, starvation stress limits the growth of fish. The purpose of the study was to clarify the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying starvation stress in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) through liver transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Transcriptome results showed that liver genes associated with cell cycle and fatty acid synthesis were down-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid decomposition were up-regulated in the experimental group (EG; starved for 72 days) compared to the control group (CG; feeding). Metabolomic results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of metabolites related to nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism, such as purine metabolism, histidine metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Five fatty acids (C22:6n-3; C22:5n-3; C20:5n-3; C20:4n-3; C18:3n-6) were selected as possible biomarkers of starvation stress from the differential metabolites of metabolome. Subsequently, correlation between these differential genes of lipid metabolism and cell cycle and differential metabolites were analyzed, and observed that these five fatty acids were significantly correlated with the differential genes. These results provide new clues for understanding the role of fatty acid metabolism and cell cycle in fish under starvation stress. It also provides a reference for promoting the biomarker identification of starvation stress and stress tolerance breeding research.PMID:36796184 | DOI:10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101061

Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022;28(1):35-45. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2022.112857.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Endocrine-disruptors are exogenous compounds that interfere with the human biological system. Bisphenol-A and toxic ele-mental mixtures (e.g. As, Pb, Hg, Cd, and U) are major endocrine-disruptive chemicals documented by the USEPA. Globally obesi-ty is a major health problem with increasing fast-food intake among children. The use of food packaging material is rising global-ly, becoming a primary source of chemical migration from food contact materials.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This protocol is a cross-sectional study, and the primary outcome is to assess the various dietary and non-dietary exposure sources of endocrine-disruptive chemicals (bisphenol A and heavy metals) through a questionnaire, and quantification of urinary bisphenol A and heavy metals using LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS, respectively, among children. In this study, anthropometric assess-ment, socio-demographic characteristics, and laboratory investigations will be performed. Exposure pathway assessment will be done using questions about household characteristics, surroundings, food and water sources, physical/dietary habits, and nutri-tional assessment.RESULTS: An exposure pathway model will be developed based on the questions on source, pathway/exposure, and receptor (child), of those exposed to or potentially exposed to the endocrine-disruptive chemicals.CONCLUSIONS: The children who are exposed or potentially exposed to the chemical migration sources need intervention through local bodies, school curriculum, and training programs. Also, methodological points of view implication of regression models and the LASSO approach will be assessed to identify the emerging risk factors of childhood obesity and even reverse causality through multi-pathway exposure sources. The feasibility of the current study outcome can be implicated in developing countries.PMID:36795968 | DOI:10.5114/pedm.2022.112857

J Clin Invest. 2023 Feb 16:e164596. doi: 10.1172/JCI164596. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLysosomal inhibition elicited by palmitoyl protein transferase 1 (PPT1) inhibitors such as DC661 can produce cell death, but the mechanism is not completely understood. Programmed cell death pathways (autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis) were not required to achieve the cytotoxic effect of DC661. Inhibition of cathepsins, or iron or calcium chelation, did not rescue DC661-induced cytotoxicity. PPT1 inhibition induced lysosomal lipid peroxidation (LLP), which led to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death that could be reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not by other lipid peroxidation antioxidants. The lysosomal cysteine transporter MFSD12, was required for intralysosomal transport of NAC and rescue of LLP. PPT1 inhibition produced cell-intrinsic immunogenicity with surface expression of calreticulin that could only be reversed with NAC. DC661-treated cells primed naïve T cells, and enhanced T cell-mediated toxicity. Mice vaccinated with DC661-treated cells, engendered adaptive immunity and tumor rejection in "immune hot" tumors but not in "immune cold" tumors. These findings demonstrate LLP drives lysosomal cell death, a unique immunogenic form of cell death, pointing the way to rational combinations of immunotherapy and lysosomal inhibition that can be tested in clinical trials.PMID:36795483 | DOI:10.1172/JCI164596

Inflamm Res. 2023 Feb 16. doi: 10.1007/s00011-023-01706-2. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:36795337 | DOI:10.1007/s00011-023-01706-2

Sci China Life Sci. 2023 Feb 10. doi: 10.1007/s11427-022-2226-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBroiler chicks are fast-growing and susceptible to dietary selenium (Se) deficiency. This study sought to reveal the underlying mechanisms of how Se deficiency induces key organ dysfunctions in broilers. Day-old male chicks (n=6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were fed with a Se-deficient diet (Se-Def, 0.047 mg Se/kg) or the Se-Def+0.3 mg Se/kg (Control, 0.345 mg Se/kg) for 6 weeks. The serum, liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, and pectoral muscle of the broilers were collected at week 6 to assay for Se concentration, histopathology, serum metabolome, and tissue transcriptome. Compared with the Control group, Se deficiency induced growth retardation and histopathological lesions and reduced Se concentration in the five organs. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that dysregulation of immune and redox homeostasis related biological processes and pathways contributed to Se deficiency-induced multiple tissue damage in the broilers. Meanwhile, four metabolites in the serum, daidzein, epinephrine, L-aspartic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, interacted with differentially expressed genes with antioxidative effects and immunity among all the five organs, which contributed to the metabolic diseases induced by Se deficiency. Overall, this study systematically elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Se deficiency-related diseases, which provides a better understanding of the significance of Se-mediated heath in animals.PMID:36795182 | DOI:10.1007/s11427-022-2226-1

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 16. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12435-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVibrio alginolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen that can infect both humans and marine animals and cause massive economic losses in aquaculture. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are emerging posttranscriptional regulators that affect bacterial physiology and pathological processes. In the present work, a new cell density-dependent sRNA, Qrr4, was characterized in V. alginolyticus based on a previously reported RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatics approach. The effects of Qrr4 actions on the physiology, virulence, and metabolism of V. alginolyticus were comprehensively investigated based on molecular biology and metabolomics approaches. The results showed that qrr4 deletion markedly inhibited growth, motility and extracellular protease activities. Additionally, nontargeted metabolism and lipidomics analyses revealed that qrr4 deletion induced significant disturbance of multiple metabolic pathways. The key metabolic remodelling that occurred in response to qrr4 deletion was found to involve phospholipid, nucleotide, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways, providing novel clues about a potential mechanism via which mutation of qrr4 could interfere with cellular energy homeostasis, modulate membrane phospholipid composition and inhibit nucleic acid and protein syntheses to regulate the motility, growth and virulence characteristics of V. alginolyticus. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory roles of the new cell density-dependent sRNA Qrr4 in V. alginolyticus. KEY POINTS: • A novel cell density-dependent sRNA, Qrr4, was cloned in V. alginolyticus. •Qrr4 regulated growth and virulence factors of V. alginolyticus. • Phospholipid, nucleotide and energy metabolisms were modulated obviously by Qrr4.PMID:36795140 | DOI:10.1007/s00253-023-12435-1

J Dig Dis. 2023 Feb 16. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.13162. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAIM: Gut bacteria facilitate nutrient metabolism and generate small molecules that form part of the broader "metabolome." It is unclear whether these metabolites are disturbed during chronic pancreatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the gut microbial-host co-metabolites and the relationship between them in patients with chronic pancreatitis.METHODS: We collected fecal samples from 40 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 38 healthy family members with each sample undergoing 16S rRNA gene profiling and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry , to estimate the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa between the two groups and to profile any changes in the metabolome, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate differences in metabolites and bacteria between the two groups.RESULTS: The abundance of Actinobacteria was lower at the phylum level, and that of Bifidobacterium was lower at the genus level in the chronic pancreatitis group metabolites had a significantly different. Oxoadipic acid and citric acid levels were positively correlated with Bifidobacterium abundance (Spearman's r = 0.306, and r = 0.33, respectively, p < 0.05),and the 3-methylindole concentration was negatively correlated with Bifidobacterium abundance (r = -0.252, p = 0.026).CONCLUSIONS: Gut microbiome and host microbiome metabolic products might be altered in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Evaluating gastrointestinal tract metabolite levels in this regard may further enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and/or progression of chronic pancreatitis.PMID:36795087 | DOI:10.1111/1751-2980.13162

Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 16:e0377122. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03771-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the signatures of gut microbiota and metabolites as well as their functions in obese children with MS. A case-control study was conducted based on 23 MS children and 31 obese controls. The gut microbiome and metabolome were measured using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. An integrative analysis was conducted, combining the results of the gut microbiome and metabolome with extensive clinical indicators. The biological functions of the candidate microbial metabolites were validated in vitro. We identified 9 microbiota and 26 metabolites that were significantly different from the MS and the control group. The clinical indicators of MS were correlated with the altered microbiota Lachnoclostridium, Dialister, and Bacteroides, as well as with the altered metabolites all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, DL-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), LPC 24: 1, PC (14:1e/10:0), and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, etc. The association network analysis further identified three MS-linked metabolites, including all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, DPPC, and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, that were significantly correlated with the altered microbiota. Bio-functional validation showed that all-trans-13, 14-dihydroretinol could significantly upregulate the expression of lipid synthesis genes and inflammatory genes. This study identified a new biomarker that may contribute to MS development. These findings provided new insights regarding the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for MS. IMPORTANCE Metabolic syndrome (MS) has become a health concern worldwide. Gut microbiota and metabolites play an important role in human health. We first endeavored to comprehensively analyze the microbiome and metabolome signatures in obese children and found the novel microbial metabolites in MS. We further validated the biological functions of the metabolites in vitro and illustrated the effects of the microbial metabolites on lipid synthesis and inflammation. The microbial metabolite all-trans-13, 14-dihydroretinol may be a new biomarker in the pathogenesis of MS, especially in obese children. These findings were not available in previous studies, and they provide new insights regarding the management of metabolic syndrome.PMID:36794949 | DOI:10.1128/spectrum.03771-22

Elife. 2023 Feb 16;12:e82785. doi: 10.7554/eLife.82785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMultiomics technologies improve the biological understanding of health status in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (PLWH). Still, a systematic and in-depth characterization of metabolic risk profile during successful long-term treatment is lacking. Here, we used multi-omics (plasma lipidomic, metabolomic, and fecal 16S microbiome) data-driven stratification and characterization to identify the metabolic at-risk profile within PLWH. Through network analysis and similarity network fusion (SNF), we identified three groups of PLWH (SNF-1 to 3): healthy (HC)-like (SNF-1), mild at-risk (SNF-3), and severe at-risk (SNF-2). The PLWH in the SNF-2 (45%) had a severe at-risk metabolic profile with increased visceral adipose tissue, BMI, higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and increased di- and triglycerides despite having higher CD4+ T-cell counts than the other two clusters. However, the HC-like and the severe at-risk group had a similar metabolic profile differing from HIV-negative controls (HNC), with dysregulation of amino acid metabolism. At the microbiome profile, the HC-like group had a lower α-diversity, a lower proportion of men having sex with men (MSM) and was enriched in Bacteroides. In contrast, in at-risk groups, there was an increase in Prevotella, with a high proportion of MSM, which could potentially lead to higher systemic inflammation and increased cardiometabolic risk profile. The multi-omics integrative analysis also revealed a complex microbial interplay of the microbiome-derived metabolites in PLWH. Those severely at-risk clusters may benefit from personalized medicine and lifestyle intervention to improve their dysregulated metabolic traits, aiming to achieve healthier aging.PMID:36794912 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.82785

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2023 Feb 16. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a global health concern affecting tropical farming communities. CKDu is not associated with typical risk factors (e.g., diabetes) and strongly correlates with environmental drivers. To gain potential insights into disease etiology and diagnosis, here we report the first urinary proteome comparing CKDu patients and non-CKDu controls from Sri Lanka. We found 944 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). In silico analyses identified 636 proteins of likely kidney and urogenital origin. As expected, renal tubular injury in CKDu patients was evinced by the increase in albumin, cystatin C and β2-microglobulin. However, several proteins typically elevated under CKD, including osteopontin and α-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were decreased in CKDu patients. Further, urinary excretion of aquaporins found higher in CKD, was lower in CKDu. Comparisons with previous CKD urinary proteome datasets revealed a unique proteome for CKDu. Notably, CKDu urinary proteome was relatively similar to that of patients with mitochondrial diseases. Further, we report a decrease in endocytic receptor proteins responsible for protein reabsorption, megalin and cubilin, that correlated with an increase in abundance of 15 of their cognate ligands. Functional pathway analyses identified kidney specific DAPs in CKDu patients denoted significant changes in the complement cascade and coagulation systems, cell death, lysosomal function and metabolic pathways. Overall, our findings provide potential early detection markers to diagnose and distinguish CKDu and warrant further analyses on the role of lysosomal, mitochondrial, and protein reabsorption processes and their link to the complement system and lipid metabolism in CKDu onset and progression.PMID:36794752 | DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2022

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2023 Feb 16. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318731. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and display complex phenotypic heterogeneity caused by many convergent processes, including interactions between genetic variation and environmental factors. Despite the identification of a large number of associated genes and genetic loci, the precise mechanisms by which these genes systematically influence the phenotypic heterogeneity of CVD are not well understood. In addition to DNA sequence, understanding the molecular mechanisms of CVD requires data from other omics levels, including the epigenome, the transcriptome, the proteome, as well as the metabolome. Recent advances in multiomics technologies have opened new precision medicine opportunities beyond genomics that can guide precise diagnosis and personalized treatment. At the same time, network medicine has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that integrates systems biology and network science to focus on the interactions among biological components in health and disease, providing an unbiased framework through which to integrate systematically these multiomics data. In this review, we briefly present such multiomics technologies, including bulk omics and single-cell omics technologies, and discuss how they can contribute to precision medicine. We then highlight network medicine-based integration of multiomics data for precision medicine and therapeutics in CVD. We also include a discussion of current challenges, potential limitations, and future directions in the study of CVD using multiomics network medicine approaches.PMID:36794589 | DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318731

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 30;14:1142563. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142563. eCollection 2023.NO ABSTRACTPMID:36794220 | PMC:PMC9923049 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2023.1142563

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 30;14:1093074. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1093074. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTTogether with phenological and genomic approaches, gel-based and label-free proteomic as well metabolomic procedures were separately applied to plants to highlight differences between ecotypes, to estimate genetic variability within/between organism populations, or to characterize specific mutants/genetically modified lines at metabolic level. To investigate the possible use of tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics in the above-mentioned contexts and based on the absence of combined proteo-metabolomic studies on Diospyros kaki cultivars, we here applied integrated proteomic and metabolomic approaches to fruits from Italian persimmon ecotypes with the aim to characterize plant phenotypic diversity at molecular level. We identified 2255 proteins in fruits, assigning 102 differentially represented components between cultivars, including some related to pomological, nutritional and allergenic characteristics. Thirty-three polyphenols were also identified and quantified, which belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, flavanol, hydroxycinnamic acid, flavonol, flavanone and dihydrochalcone sub-classes. Heat-map representation of quantitative proteomic and metabolomic results highlighted compound representation differences in various accessions, whose elaboration through Euclidean distance functions and other linkage methods defined dendrograms establishing phenotypic relationships between cultivars. Principal component analysis of proteomic and metabolomic data provided clear information on phenotypic differences/similarities between persimmon accessions. Coherent cultivar association results were observed between proteomic and metabolomic data, emphasizing the utility of integrating combined omic approaches to identify and validate phenotypic relationships between ecotypes, and to estimate corresponding variability and distance. Accordingly, this study describes an original, combined approach to outline phenotypic signatures in persimmon cultivars, which may be used for a further characterization of other ecotypes of the same species and an improved description of nutritional characteristics of corresponding fruits.PMID:36794209 | PMC:PMC9923171 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2023.1093074

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Jan 30;13:1069954. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1069954. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTPrevious studies have demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often had the problems of fecal microbiota dysbiosis, and were usually accompanied with psychiatric comorbidities (such as depression and anxiety). Here, we conducted a randomized clinical study to analyze the changes in gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM after consumption of a high-fiber diet. The glucose homeostasis of participants with T2DM was improved by the high-fiber diet, and the serum metabolome, systemic inflammation and psychiatric comorbidities were also altered. The increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansias revealed that the proportions of beneficial gut microbes were enriched by the high-fiber diet, while the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Klebsiella and other opportunistic pathogens were decreased. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota alterations which were influenced by the high-fiber diet could improve the serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM.PMID:36794003 | PMC:PMC9922700 | DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1069954

Heliyon. 2022 Dec 20;9(2):e12488. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12488. eCollection 2023 Feb.ABSTRACTCamphor (Dryobalanops aromatica C. F. Gaertn.) is a vulnerable tropical tree species that has been exploited for its timber as well as its resin, which is used for medicinal uses. The use of camphor in Indonesia is limited owing to the decreasing size of the species' population in its native habitat. Therefore, replanting programs have been encouraged for this species owing to its adaptability to mineral soils and shallow peatlands. However, experimental evidence of the effect of different growing media on morphology, physiology, and biochemistry is very limited, which is needed to evaluate the replanting program's success. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the responses of camphor (D. aromatica) seedlings grown in two different types of potting media i.e. mineral and peat, for 8 weeks of planting. In particular, the types of bioactive compounds produced in camphor leaves and their levels were assessed by analyzing their metabolite profiles. Leaf growth was evaluated morphologically using the plastochron index, while photosynthetic rates were measured with LI-6800 Portable Photosynthesis System. Metabolites were identified by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The percentage of LPI of 5 or more was lower in the peat medium at 8% than in the mineral medium at 12%. The photosynthetic rate of camphor seedlings was 1-9 μmol CO2 m⁻2 s⁻1, with a higher rate in the peat medium than in the mineral medium, suggesting that the peat medium was better for growth. Lastly, the metabolomic analysis in the leaf extract revealed the presence of 21 metabolites, which were dominated by flavonoid compounds.PMID:36793954 | PMC:PMC9922924 | DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12488