PubMed

Related Articles Central nervous involvement is common in PGM1-CDG. Mol Genet Metab. 2018 Aug 21;: Authors: Radenkovic S, Witters P, Morava E Abstract PGM1, the enzyme responsible for the reversible inter-conversion of glucose-1-P and glucose-6-P, is also involved in glycosylation, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as congenital malformations, hypoglycemia, hormonal dysregulation, myopathy, hepatopathy, and cardiomyopathy. So far, PGM1 deficiency has not been associated with central nervous system involvement or intellectual disability. Seizures and neurologic involvement in PGM1-CDG were thought to be a consequence of hypoglycemia. We reviewed all reported PGM1 deficient patients for the presence of the central nervous system involvement, their treatment and disease history. We detected 17 patients out of the 41 reported PGM1-CDG cases with significant neurologic involvement. Several of these patients had no severe hypoglycemic episodes, or were adequately treated for hypoglycemia with no recurrent episodes of low blood sugars, while one patient had no reported hypoglycemic episodes. We suggest that neurological symptoms are frequent in PGM1-CDG and could present even in the absence of hypoglycemia. The central nervous system should be assessed early on during the diagnostic process to optimize outcome in patients with PGM1-CDG. PMID: 30262252 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Metabolomics profiling of xenobiotics in elite athletes: relevance to supplement consumption. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Sep 27;15(1):48 Authors: Al-Khelaifi F, Diboun I, Donati F, Botrè F, Alsayrafi M, Georgakopoulos C, Yousri NA, Suhre K, Elrayess MA Abstract BACKGROUND: Supplements are widely used among elite athletes to maintain health and improve performance. Despite multiple studies investigating use of dietary supplements by athletes, a comprehensive profiling of serum supplement metabolites in elite athletes is still lacking. This study aims to analyze the presence of various xenobiotics in serum samples from elite athletes of different sports, focusing on metabolites that potentially originate from nutritional supplements. METHODS: Profiling of xenobiotics in serum samples from 478 elite athletes from different sports (football, athletics, cycling, rugby, swimming, boxing and rowing) was performed using non-targeted metabolomics-based mass spectroscopy combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate analysis was performed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Differences in metabolic levels among different sport groups were identified by univariate linear models. RESULTS: Out of the 102 detected xenobiotics, 21 were significantly different among sport groups including metabolites that potentially prolong exercise tolerance (caffeic acid), carry a nootropic effect (2-pyrrolidinone), exert a potent anti-oxidant effect (eugenol, ferulic acid 4 sulfate, thioproline, retinol), or originate from drugs for different types of injuries (ectoine, quinate). Using Gaussian graphical modelling, a metabolic network that links various sport group-associated xenobiotics was constructed to further understand their metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot data provides evidence that athletes from different sports exhibit a distinct xenobiotic profile that may reflect their drug/supplement use, diet and exposure to various chemicals. Because of limitation in the study design, replication studies are warranted to confirm results in independent data sets, aiming ultimately for better assessment of dietary supplement use by athletes. PMID: 30261929 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Sequence analysis of cell-free DNA derived from cultured human bone osteosarcoma (143B) cells. Tumour Biol. 2018 Sep;40(9):1010428318801190 Authors: Bronkhorst AJ, Wentzel JF, Ungerer V, Peters DL, Aucamp J, de Villiers EP, Holdenrieder S, Pretorius PJ Abstract The true importance of cell-free DNA in human biology, together with the potential scale of its clinical utility, is tarnished by a lack of understanding of its composition and origin. In investigating the cell-free DNA present in the growth medium of cultured 143B cells, we previously demonstrated that the majority of cell-free DNA is neither a product of apoptosis nor necrosis. In the present study, we investigated the composition and origin of this cell-free DNA population using next-generation sequencing. We found that the cell-free DNA comprises mainly of repetitive DNA, including α-satellite DNA, mini satellites, and transposons that are currently active or exhibit the capacity to become reactivated. A significant portion of these cell-free DNA fragments originates from specific chromosomes, especially chromosomes 1 and 9. In healthy adult somatic cells, the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of these chromosomes are normally densely methylated. However, in many cancer types, these regions are preferentially hypomethylated. This can lead to double-stranded DNA breaks or it can directly impair the formation of proper kinetochore structures. This type of chromosomal instability is a precursor to the formation of nuclear anomalies, including lagging chromosomes and anaphase bridges. DNA fragments derived from these structures can recruit their own nuclear envelope and form secondary nuclear structures known as micronuclei, which can localize to the nuclear periphery and bud out from the membrane. We postulate that the majority of cell-free DNA present in the growth medium of cultured 143B cells originates from these micronuclei. PMID: 30261820 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Adaptation of a microbead assay for the easy evaluation of traditional anti-sickling medicines: application to DREPANOSTAT and FACA. Pharm Biol. 2018 Dec;56(1):385-392 Authors: Villaret J, Marti G, Dubois F, Reybier K, Gaudre N, Haddad M, Valentin A Abstract CONTEXT: Sickle cell disease is a common inherited blood disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to lack of progress in drug discovery for a suitable treatment, sufferers often turn to traditional medicines that take advantage of the plant extracts activity used by traditional healers. OBJECTIVE: This study optimizes an anti-sickling screening test to identify preparations capable of reverting sickle cells back to the morphology of normal red blood cells. We focused on the miniaturization and practicability of the assay, so that it can be adapted to the laboratory conditions commonly found in less developed countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested two traditional anti-sickling herbal medicines, FACA® and DREPANOSTAT®, composed of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler (Rutaceae) and Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. (Apocynaceae) at screening concentrations of hydroethanol extracts from 0.2 to 1 mg/mL. Potential bioactive molecules present in the extracts were profiled using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) method, identified through HRMS, MS/MS spectra and in silico fragmentation tools. RESULTS: Hydroethanol extracts of FACA® and DREPANOSTAT® showed low anti-sickling activity, inhibiting less than 10% of the sickling process. The UHPLC-HRMS/MS profiles identified 28 compounds (18 in FACA® and 15 in DREPANOSTAT®, including common compounds) among which l-phenylalanine is already described as potential anti-sickling agent. When used as positive control, 7 mg/mL phenylalanine reduced the sickled RBC to 52%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This assay has been optimized for the easy screening of plant extracts or extracted compounds from bioassay guided fractionation, valuable to laboratories from less developed countries. PMID: 30261794 [PubMed - in process]

17 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2018/09/28PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

34 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2018/09/27PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

34 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2018/09/27PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

19 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2018/09/26PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Metabolic profiling of human plasma reveals the activation of 5-lipoxygenase in the acute attack of gouty arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Sep 20;: Authors: Luo Y, Wang L, Peng A, Liu JY Abstract Objective: Monosodium urate-induced inflammation plays a vital role in acute gout (AG). Inflammation is a multi-stage process involved in the acute release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. However, the function of the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in AG is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the modification of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism by AG. Methods: Plasma samples from patients with an AG attack (n = 26) and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 26) were analysed by metabolic profiling of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The findings were further validated with a second cohort (n = 20 each group). The associated mechanisms were investigated in whole blood cells from the second cohort and neutrophils in vitro. Results: Plasma metabolic profiling revealed a significant increase in leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for AG patients in both cohorts. The increase in plasma LTB4 was accounted for by the dynamic balance between the activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3, the former mediating the biosynthesis of LTB4 and the latter mediating its metabolism. This was supported by significantly increased transcriptional levels of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 in whole blood cells from AG patients compared with those of controls, and the uric acid-caused dose-relevant and time-dependent activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 at the transcriptional and molecular levels in vitro. Conclusion: Increased LTB4 in AG patients is mainly due to activation of 5-lipoxygenase. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition may be of therapeutic value clinically. PMID: 30247644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Integrative proteomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the toxicity of cationic liposomes to human normal hepatocyte cell line L02. Mol Omics. 2018 Sep 24;: Authors: Yu J, Chen J, Zhao H, Gao J, Li Y, Li Y, Xue J, Dahan A, Sun D, Zhang G, Zhang H Abstract Cationic liposomes (CLs) are vital nonviral vectors with a wide range of applications. Although the toxicity of CLs is far lower than that of viral vectors, increasing evidence suggests that there are limited clinical applications of CLs because of their potential toxicity. In the present study, the toxicity of CLs toward L02 cells was investigated and comprehensively analyzed based on proteomics and metabolomics data. Using quantitative iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS proteomics coupled with UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based metabolomics, we determined that exposure to CLs generated 90 significantly altered proteins and 65 altered metabolites in cells. Metabolomic analysis also showed significant alterations in metabolic pathways, including small molecules involved in energy and lipid metabolism. Proteomics revealed that exposure to CLs significantly influenced multiple proteins, including those involved in the folding of proteins and metabolism. Furthermore, the proteins participated in oxidative stress, which also influenced lipid metabolism. Overall, our findings indicate that high-throughput metabolomics and proteomics can provide insight into the toxicological mechanisms of CLs using high-resolution mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first study combining proteomics and metabolomics to investigate the potential effects of CLs on any cells. Specifically, we integrated quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomics with UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics datasets to comprehensively assess the potential mechanisms of CL toxicity towards L02 cells. PMID: 30247494 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Differences in the Gut Microbiota Establishment and Metabolome Characteristics Between Low- and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets During Early-Life. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1798 Authors: Li N, Huang S, Jiang L, Wang W, Li T, Zuo B, Li Z, Wang J Abstract Low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets are at a high-risk for postnatal growth failure, mortality, and metabolic disorders later in life. Early-life microbial exposure is a potentially effective intervention strategy for modulating the health and metabolism of the host. Yet, it has not been well elucidated whether the gut microbiota development in LBW piglets is different from their normal littermates and its possible association with metabolite profiles. In the current study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics was used to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota and metabolites between LBW and normal piglets during early-life, including day 3 (D3), 7 (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21, before weaning), and 35 (D35, after birth). Compared to their normal littermates, LBW piglets harbored low proportions of Faecalibacterium on D3, Flavonifractor on D7, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Prevotella on D21, as well as Howardella on D21 and D35. However, the abundance of Campylobacter on D7 and D21, Prevotella on D14 and D35, Oscillibacter and Moryella on D14 and D21, and Bacteroides on D21 was significantly higher in LBW piglets when compared with normal piglets. The results of the metabolomics analysis suggested that LBW significantly affected fecal metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid), amino acid metabolism (e.g., valine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid), as well as bile acid biosynthesis (e.g., glycocholic acid, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and chenodeoxycholic acid). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between Campylobacter and N1-acetylspermine on D7, Moryella and linoleic acid on D14, Prevotella and chenodeoxycholic acid on D21, and Howardella and phenylalanine on D35, respectively. Collectively, LBW piglets have a different gut bacterial community structure when compared with normal-birth-weight (NBW) piglets during early-life, especially from 7 to 21 days of age. Also, a distinctive metabolic status in LBW piglets might be partly associated with the altered intestinal microbiota. These findings may further elucidate the factors potentially associated with the impaired growth and development of LBW piglets and facilitate the development of nutritional interventions. PMID: 30245669 [PubMed]

Related Articles Acetate Production from Glucose and Coupling to Mitochondrial Metabolism in Mammals. Cell. 2018 Sep 17;: Authors: Liu X, Cooper DE, Cluntun AA, Warmoes MO, Zhao S, Reid MA, Liu J, Lund PJ, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Wellen KE, Kirsch DG, Locasale JW Abstract Acetate is a major nutrient that supports acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) metabolism and thus lipogenesis and protein acetylation. However, its source is unclear. Here, we report that pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis and key node in central carbon metabolism, quantitatively generates acetate in mammals. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced in the context of nutritional excess, such as during hyperactive glucose metabolism. Conversion of pyruvate to acetate occurs through two mechanisms: (1) coupling to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (2) neomorphic enzyme activity from keto acid dehydrogenases that enable function as pyruvate decarboxylases. Further, we demonstrate that de novo acetate production sustains Ac-CoA pools and cell proliferation in limited metabolic environments, such as during mitochondrial dysfunction or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) deficiency. By virtue of de novo acetate production being coupled to mitochondrial metabolism, there are numerous possible regulatory mechanisms and links to pathophysiology. PMID: 30245009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Integrated Pharmacodynamic Analysis Identifies Two Metabolic Adaption Pathways to Metformin in Breast Cancer. Cell Metab. 2018 Sep 12;: Authors: Lord SR, Cheng WC, Liu D, Gaude E, Haider S, Metcalf T, Patel N, Teoh EJ, Gleeson F, Bradley K, Wigfield S, Zois C, McGowan DR, Ah-See ML, Thompson AM, Sharma A, Bidaut L, Pollak M, Roy PG, Karpe F, James T, English R, Adams RF, Campo L, Ayers L, Snell C, Roxanis I, Frezza C, Fenwick JD, Buffa FM, Harris AL Abstract Late-phase clinical trials investigating metformin as a cancer therapy are underway. However, there remains controversy as to the mode of action of metformin in tumors at clinical doses. We conducted a clinical study integrating measurement of markers of systemic metabolism, dynamic FDG-PET-CT, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at paired time points to profile the bioactivity of metformin in primary breast cancer. We show metformin reduces the levels of mitochondrial metabolites, activates multiple mitochondrial metabolic pathways, and increases 18-FDG flux in tumors. Two tumor groups are identified with distinct metabolic responses, an OXPHOS transcriptional response (OTR) group for which there is an increase in OXPHOS gene transcription and an FDG response group with increased 18-FDG uptake. Increase in proliferation, as measured by a validated proliferation signature, suggested that patients in the OTR group were resistant to metformin treatment. We conclude that mitochondrial response to metformin in primary breast cancer may define anti-tumor effect. PMID: 30244975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Nutrition and prevention of cognitive impairment. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Sep 20;: Authors: Scarmeas N, Anastasiou CA, Yannakoulia M Abstract Nutrition is an important lifestyle factor that can modify the risk of future cognitive impairment and dementia. Some, but not conclusive, evidence (mostly from observational studies and infrequently from clinical trials) exists of a protective association between certain nutrients (eg, folate, flavonoids, vitamin D, and certain lipids) or food groups (eg, seafood, vegetables, and fruits, and potentially moderate alcohol and caffeine consumption) and cognitive outcomes in older people. For some nutrients and food groups, protection might be greater in individuals with either deficiencies in certain nutrients or a genetic predisposition to cognitive impairment. Identification of potentially different associations between such subgroups should be a priority for future research. At present, evidence of an association between nutrition and cognitive outcomes is somehow stronger for healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean-type diet, than for individual nutrients and food groups, possibly because of the cumulative beneficial effects of the many ingredients in these diets. Multidomain interventions (including a nutrition component) might also hold some promise for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia, but their effectiveness is still uncertain. Use of advanced technologies for nutrition assessment (eg, metabolomics and innovative methods of dietary intake assessment) and recently identified biomarkers of nutrition and neurobiological outcomes will be important to achieve this goal. PMID: 30244829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Breath volatolomics for diagnosing chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:4661-4670 Authors: Broza YY, Braverman I, Haick H Abstract Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases treated by primary care physicians. It is increasingly recognized that CRS and nasal polyposis (NP) comprise several disease processes with diverse causes. Hence, subgroups of sinusitis need to be differentiated so that patients can be screened appropriately and personalized medical treatment provided. Patients and methods: To address this need, we use a cross-reactive nanoarray based on either molecularly modified gold nanoparticles or molecularly modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, combined with pattern recognition for analyzing breath samples. Breath samples were collected from three groups of volunteers (total 71) at the Hillel Yaffe Medical Center: CRS, NP, and control. Results: Nanoarray results discriminated between patients with sinusitis and the control group with 87% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 85% accuracy. The system also discriminated well between the subpopulations: 1) CRS vs control (76% sensitivity, 90% specificity); 2) CRS vs NP (82% sensitivity, 71% specificity); and 3) NP vs control (71% sensitivity, 90% specificity). Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that a nanoarray-based breath test for screening population for sinusitis-related conditions is feasible. PMID: 30147315 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Spectroscopic methods to analyze drug metabolites. Arch Pharm Res. 2018 Apr;41(4):355-371 Authors: Yi JJ, Park K, Kim WJ, Rhee JK, Son WS Abstract Drug metabolites have been monitored with various types of newly developed techniques and/or combination of common analytical methods, which could provide a great deal of information on metabolite profiling. Because it is not easy to analyze whole drug metabolites qualitatively and quantitatively, a single solution of analytical techniques is combined in a multilateral manner to cover the widest range of drug metabolites. Mass-based spectroscopic analysis of drug metabolites has been expanded with the help of other parameter-based methods. The current development of metabolism studies through contemporary pharmaceutical research are reviewed with an overview on conventionally used spectroscopic methods. Several technical approaches for conducting drug metabolic profiling through spectroscopic methods are discussed in depth. PMID: 29524156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Systems medicine advances in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2017 Sep 30;26(145): Authors: Greiffo FR, Eickelberg O, Fernandez IE Abstract Fibrotic lung diseases involve subject-environment interactions, together with dysregulated homeostatic processes, impaired DNA repair and distorted immune functions. Systems medicine-based approaches are used to analyse diseases in a holistic manner, by integrating systems biology platforms along with clinical parameters, for the purpose of understanding disease origin, progression, exacerbation and remission.Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a heterogeneous group of complex fibrotic diseases. The increase of systems medicine-based approaches in the understanding of ILDs provides exceptional advantages by improving diagnostics, unravelling phenotypical differences, and stratifying patient populations by predictable outcomes and personalised treatments. This review discusses the state-of-the-art contributions of systems medicine-based approaches in ILDs over the past 5 years. PMID: 28954764 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles The metabolism and drug-drug interaction potential of the selective prostacyclin receptor agonist selexipag. Xenobiotica. 2018 Jul;48(7):704-719 Authors: Gnerre C, Segrestaa J, Seeland S, Äänismaa P, Pfeifer T, Delahaye S, de Kanter R, Ichikawa T, Yamada T, Treiber A Abstract 1. The metabolism of selexipag has been studied in vivo in man and the main excreted metabolites were identified. Also, metabolites circulating in human plasma have been structurally identified and quantified. 2. The main metabolic pathway of selexipag in man is the formation of the active metabolite ACT-333679. Other metabolic pathways include oxidation and dealkylation reactions. All primary metabolites undergo subsequent hydrolysis of the sulphonamide moiety to their corresponding acids. ACT-333679 undergoes conjugation with glucuronic acid and aromatic hydroxylation to P10, the main metabolite detected in human faeces. 3. The formation of the active metabolite ACT-333679 is catalysed by carboxylesterases, while the oxidation and dealkylation reactions are metabolized by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. CYP2C8 is the only P450 isoform catalysing the aromatic hydroxylation to P10. CYP2C8 together with CYP3A4 are also involved in the formation of several minor ACT-333679 metabolites. UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 catalyse the glucuronidation of ACT-333679. 4. The potential of selexipag to inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes or drug transport proteins was studied in vitro. Selexipag is an inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 and induces CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in vitro. Also, selexipag inhibits the transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, and BCRP. However, due to its low dose and relatively low unbound exposure, selexipag has a low potential for causing drug-drug interactions. PMID: 28737453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Mass isotopomer-guided decluttering of metabolomic data to visualize endogenous biomarkers of drug toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Sep 19;: Authors: Beyoğlu D, Zhou Y, Chen C, Idle JR Abstract Metabolomics offers the opportunity to uncover endogenous biomarkers that can lead to metabolic pathways and networks and that underpin drug toxicity mechanisms. A novel protocol is presented and discussed that is applicable to drugs which generate urinary metabolites when administered to mice sensitive to its toxicity. The protocol would not apply to drugs that are not metabolized or eliminated by a different route. Separate stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled drug administration to mice is made together with collection of urines from control animals. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of these three urine groups is conducted in addition to principal components analysis (PCA). In the case of unlabeled acetaminophen and [acetyl-2H3]acetaminophen, each given at a hepatotoxic dose (400 mg/kg i.p.) to the sensitive mouse strain (wild-type 129), the PCA loadings plot showed a distribution of ions in the shape of a "fallen-Y" with the deuterated metabolites in one arm and the paired nondeuterated metabolites in the other arm of the fallen-Y. Ions corresponding to the endogenous toxicity biomarkers sat in the mouth of the fallen-Y. This protocol represents an innovative means to separate endogenous biomarkers from drug metabolites, thereby aiding the identification of biomarkers of drug toxicity. For acetaminophen, increased hepatic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ signaling, heme catabolism, and saturation of glucuronidation, together with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and cellular energy dysregulation were all implied from the discovered biomarkers. The protocol can be applied to other drugs and may now be translated to clinical studies. PMID: 30243960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Life Sci. 2018 Sep 19;: Authors: Wang N, Zhu F, Chen L, Chen K Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases of endocrine and metabolic disorders, whose mechanism is still largely unknown. Fortunately, various "omics" tools have been employed to better understand the progression pathologies of T2DM and its complications. More specifically, proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics have played crucial roles in advancing deeper understanding of the physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms of T2DM, such as regulation of signaling pathways perturbed by glucose levels, intestinal microorganism, and inflammation and so on. By analyzing the dynamic change and modification of proteins, proteomics has become an important tool in biology and medicine. Metabolomic analysis can amplify and quantify metabolites in living organisms to reveal the relative relationship between metabolites and physiological and pathological changes. There are also increasing evidences that the human microbiome, specifically the gastrointestinal microbiome have a potential role in the etiology and pathological outcomes of T2DM and its complications. This article summarized and discussed the recent applications of these "omics" tools in finding biomarkers for T2DM and its complications. We also reviewed employing multiple "omics" to further advance our understanding of this pathology. This review will benefit deeper understanding in new therapeutic and/or diagnostic biological target for the discovery of T2DM and its complications. PMID: 30243649 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]