PubMed

Related Articles Metabolomic analysis of urine with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A preliminary study. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2016 Nov 3;: Authors: Carta F, Lussu M, Bandino F, Antonio N, Peppi M, Chuchueva N, Luigi A, Fanos V, Puxeddu R Abstract OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a frequent emergency, with unknown aetiology and usually treated with empiric therapy. Steroids represent the only validated treatment but prognosis is unpredictable and the possibility to select the patients who will not respond to steroids could avoid unnecessary treatments. Metabolomic profiling of the biofluids target the analysis of the final product of genic expression and enzymatic activity, defining the biochemical phenotype of a whole biologic system. METHODS: We studied the metabolomics of the urine of a cohort of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, correlating the metabolic profiles with the clinical outcomes. Metabolomic profiling of urine samples was performed by (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in combination with multivariate statistical approaches. RESULTS: 26 patients were included in the study: 5 healthy controls, 13 patients who did not recover after treatment at 6 months while the remaining 8 patients recovered from the hearing loss. The orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis score plot showed a significant separation between the two groups, responders and non-responders after steroid therapy, R(2)Y of 0.83, Q(2) of 0.38 and p value <0.05. The resulting metabolic profiles were characterized by higher levels of urinary B-Alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate and Trimethylamine N-oxide, and lower levels of Citrate and Creatinine in patients with worst outcome. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a specific disease with unclear systemic changes, but our data suggest that there are different types of this disorder or patients predisposed to effective action of steroids allowing the recover after treatment. PMID: 27817938 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles [Effect of respiratory syncytial virus-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in mice]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016 Nov;18(11):1166-1173 Authors: Meng X, Wang SC, Shan JJ, Xie T, Xu JY, Shen CS Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in BALB/c mice using metabolomics technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into a control group and a RSV pneumonia model group (n=16 each). The mouse model of RSV pneumonia was established using intranasal RSV infection (100×TCID50, 50 μL/mouse, once a day). After 7 days of intranasal RSV infection, the mice were sacrificed and GC-MS was used to identify endogenous metabolites and measure the changes in their relative content in colon tissue. SMCA-P12.0 software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for endogenous metabolites in colon tissue. The differentially expressed metabolites in colon tissue were imported into the metabolic pathway platform Metaboanalyst to analyze related metabolic pathways. RESULTS: PCA and OPLS-DA showed significant differences between the control and RSV pneumonia model groups. A total of 32 metabolites were identified in the colon tissue of the mice with RSV pneumonia. The RSV pneumonia model group had significant increases in the content of leucine, isoleucine, glycine, alanine, arachidonic acid, and lactic acid, which were related to the valine, leucine, isoleucine, arachidonic acid, and pyruvic acid metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS: RSV pneumonia might cause metabolic disorders in the large intestinal tissue in mice. PMID: 27817786 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Bioanalytical techniques in nontargeted clinical lipidomics. Bioanalysis. 2016 Feb;8(4):351-64 Authors: Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M Abstract Lipidomic analysis aims at comprehensive characterization of molecular lipids in biological systems. Due to the central role of lipid metabolism in many devastating diseases, lipidomics is being increasingly applied in biomedical research. Over the past years, advances in analytical techniques and bioinformatics enabled increasingly comprehensive and accurate coverage of lipids both in tissues and biofluids, yet many challenges remain. This review highlights recent progress in the domain of analytical lipidomics, with main emphasis on non-targeted methodologies for large scale clinical applications, as well as discusses some of the key challenges and opportunities in this field. PMID: 26856187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Metabolite profiling can change health-care delivery to obese patients with fatty liver disease: the search for biomarkers. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016 Nov 7;: Authors: Camps J, Joven J Abstract Comorbidities associated with obesity have become a worldwide public health concern. Obesity-associated hepatic steatosis is not benign, and the risk of developing severe liver disease is high. Currently, biopsy is the only clinical tool available for the diagnosis of pathological alterations in the liver. However, the procedure is painful and not without risk. As such, there is a need to identify non-invasive biomarkers of steatosis. There has been considerable progress in this area, but research appears to be limited to measurements of levels of certain parameters in patients with liver impairment relative to those of healthy controls. The clinically relevant aim should be to distinguish, at an early stage, those obese individuals with liver steatosis from those obese individuals without it. Plasma constituents that act as surrogates of altered hepatic energy metabolism in response to food intake are likely candidates. Targeted metabolomics, combined with quantitation of the metabolites involved, has been shown to be an efficient measurement tool. Indeed, the evaluation of exhaled volatile compounds might be sufficient, while other rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods have been validated in preliminary studies in various clinical settings. Metabolomics methods are promising but require considerable expertise and sophisticated (and expensive) equipment not readily available in all centers. The challenge is to adapt this newly acquired, expanding knowledge to current, reasonably equipped clinical laboratories, while substantially reducing costs. Good outcomes are urgently required if effective prevention programs are to be developed to decrease the prevalence of liver disease. PMID: 27816954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic db/db mice may be associated with brain region-specific metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Nov 2;: Authors: Zheng H, Zheng Y, Zhao L, Chen M, Bai G, Hu Y, Hu W, Yan Z, Gao H Abstract Type 2 diabetes has been associated with cognitive decline, but its metabolic mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we attempted to investigate brain region-specific metabolic changes in db/db mice with cognitive decline and explore the potential metabolic mechanism linking type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline. We analyzed the metabolic changes in seven brain regions of two types of mice (wild-type mice and db/db mice with cognitive decline) using a (1)H NMR-based metabolomic approach. Then, a mixed-model analysis was used to evaluate the effects of mice type, brain region, and their interaction on metabolic changes. Compared with the wild-type mice, the db/db mice with cognitive decline had significant increases in lactate, glutamine (Gln) and taurine as well as significant decreases in alanine, aspartate, choline, succinate, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glycine, N-acetylaspartate, inosine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Brain region-specific metabolic differences were also observed between these two mouse types. In addition, we found significant interaction effects of mice type and brain region on creatine/phosphocreatine, lactate, aspartate, GABA, N-acetylaspartate and taurine. Based on metabolic pathway analysis, the present study suggests that cognitive decline in db/db mice might be linked to a series of brain region-specific metabolic changes, involving an increase in anaerobic glycolysis, a decrease in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Gln-Glu/GABA cycles as well as a disturbance in lactate-alanine shuttle and membrane metabolism. PMID: 27816519 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles HPLC-based metabolomics to identify cytotoxic compounds from Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng against human breast cancer MCF-7Cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2016 Oct 22;: Authors: Yulianto W, Andarwulan N, Giriwono PE, Pamungkas J Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the active compounds in Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng which play a role to inhibit viability of breast cancer MCF-7 cells using HPLC-based metabolomics approach. Five fractions of the plant extract were observed including ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fraction. There were 45 HPLC chromatograms resulted from 5 fractions with 3 replications and 3 wavelengths detection. The chromatograms were compared to the data of IC50 from MTT assay of each fraction against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using metabolomics. The OPLS analysis result promptly pointed towards a chloroform fraction at retention time of 40.16-41.28min that has the greatest contribution to the cytotoxic activity. The data of mass spectra indicated that an abietane diterpene namely 7-acetoxy-6-hydroxyroyleanone was the main compound that contributed to the cytotoxic activity. This metabolomics application method can be used as a quick preliminary guideline to uncover the most dominant compound related to the bioactivity. PMID: 27816313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Evaluation of dilution and normalization strategies to correct for urinary output in HPLC-HRTOFMS metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Nov 4; Authors: Vogl FC, Mehrl S, Heizinger L, Schlecht I, Zacharias HU, Ellmann L, Nürnberger N, Gronwald W, Leitzmann MF, Rossert J, Eckardt KU, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, GCKD Study Investigators Abstract Reliable identification of features distinguishing biological groups of interest in urinary metabolite fingerprints requires the control of total metabolite abundance, which may vary significantly as the kidneys adjust the excretion of water and solutes to meet the homeostatic needs of the body. Failure to account for such variation may lead to misclassification and accumulation of missing data in case of less concentrated urine specimens. Here, different pre- and post-acquisition methods of normalization were compared systematically for their ability to recover features from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite fingerprints of urine that allow distinction between patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy controls. Methods of normalization that were employed prior to analysis included dilution of urine specimens to either a fixed creatinine concentration or osmolality value. Post-acquisition normalization methods applied to chromatograms of 1:4 diluted urine specimens comprised normalization to creatinine, osmolality, and sum of all integrals. Dilution of urine specimens to a fixed creatinine concentration resulted not only in the least number of missing values, but it was also the only method allowing the unambiguous classification of urine specimens from healthy and diseased individuals. The robustness of classification could be confirmed for two independent patient cohorts of chronic kidney disease patients and yielded a shared set of 49 discriminant metabolite features. Graphical Abstract Dilution to a uniform creatinine concentration across urine specimens yields more comparable urinary metabolite fingerprints. PMID: 27815612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Corrigendum to "Plasmalogen modulation attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE- and ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice" [Atherosclerosis 243/2 (2015) 598-608]. Atherosclerosis. 2016 Nov;254:314-315 Authors: Rasmiena AA, Barlow CK, Stefanovic N, Huynh K, Tan R, Sharma A, Tull D, de Haan JB, Meikle PJ PMID: 27814884 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Maternal urinary metabolic signatures of fetal growth and associated clinical and environmental factors in the INMA study. BMC Med. 2016 Nov 4;14(1):177 Authors: Maitre L, Villanueva CM, Lewis MR, Ibarluzea J, Santa-Marina L, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Coen M, Toledano MB Abstract BACKGROUND: Maternal metabolism during pregnancy is a major determinant of the intra-uterine environment and fetal outcomes. Herein, we characterize the maternal urinary metabolome throughout pregnancy to identify maternal metabolic signatures of fetal growth in two subcohorts and explain potential sources of variation in metabolic profiles based on lifestyle and clinical data. METHODS: We used (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize maternal urine samples collected in the INMA birth cohort at the first (n = 412 and n = 394, respectively, in Gipuzkoa and Sabadell cohorts) and third trimesters of gestation (n = 417 and 469). Metabolic phenotypes that reflected longitudinal intra- and inter-individual variation were used to predict measures of fetal growth and birth weight. RESULTS: A metabolic shift between the first and third trimesters of gestation was characterized by (1)H NMR signals arising predominantly from steroid by-products. We identified 10 significant and reproducible metabolic associations in the third trimester with estimated fetal, birth, and placental weight in two independent subcohorts. These included branched-chain amino acids; isoleucine, valine, leucine, alanine and 3 hydroxyisobutyrate (metabolite of valine), which were associated with a significant fetal weight increase at week 34 of up to 2.4 % in Gipuzkoa (P < 0.005) and 1 % in Sabadell (P < 0.05). Other metabolites included pregnancy-related hormone by-products of estrogens and progesterone, and the methyl donor choline. We could explain a total of 48-53 % of the total variance in birth weight of which urine metabolites had an independent predictive power of 12 % adjusting for all other lifestyle/clinical factors. First trimester metabolic phenotypes could not predict reproducibly weight at later stages of development. Physical activity, as well as other modifiable lifestyle/clinical factors, such as coffee consumption, vitamin D intake, and smoking, were identified as potential sources of metabolic variation during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Significant reproducible maternal urinary metabolic signatures of fetal growth and birth weight are identified for the first time and linked to modifiable lifestyle factors. This novel approach to prenatal screening, combining multiple risk factors, present a great opportunity to personalize pregnancy management and reduce newborn disease risk in later life. PMID: 27814705 [PubMed - in process]

24 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2016/11/05PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2016/11/04PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Lipids Reprogram Metabolism to Become a Major Carbon Source for Histone Acetylation. Cell Rep. 2016 Nov 1;17(6):1463-1472 Authors: McDonnell E, Crown SB, Fox DB, Kitir B, Ilkayeva OR, Olsen CA, Grimsrud PA, Hirschey MD Abstract Cells integrate nutrient sensing and metabolism to coordinate proper cellular responses to a particular nutrient source. For example, glucose drives a gene expression program characterized by activating genes involved in its metabolism, in part by increasing glucose-derived histone acetylation. Here, we find that lipid-derived acetyl-CoA is a major source of carbon for histone acetylation. Using (13)C-carbon tracing combined with acetyl-proteomics, we show that up to 90% of acetylation on certain histone lysines can be derived from fatty acid carbon, even in the presence of excess glucose. By repressing both glucose and glutamine metabolism, fatty acid oxidation reprograms cellular metabolism, leading to increased lipid-derived acetyl-CoA. Gene expression profiling of octanoate-treated hepatocytes shows a pattern of upregulated lipid metabolic genes, demonstrating a specific transcriptional response to lipid. These studies expand the landscape of nutrient sensing and uncover how lipids and metabolism are integrated by epigenetic events that control gene expression. PMID: 27806287 [PubMed - in process]

The metabolomics and lipidomics window into thyroid cancer research. Biomarkers. 2016 Nov 2;:1-19 Authors: Farrokhi Yekta R, Rezaie Tavirani M, Arefi Oskouie A, Mohajeri Tehrani MR, Soroush AR Abstract CONTEXT: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine system malignancy with a fast rising incidence in the last decade for unknown reasons. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the gold standard in thyroid cancer screening has still its own challenges and in some cases needs a proceeding surgery. OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the role of the two most recent "omics" approaches, "metabolomics" and "lipidomics", in the field of thyroid cancer research. METHODS: All the previous studies have been extracted from the literature and major concepts were detailed in the field of thyroid cancer metabolomics and lipidomics. RESULTS: Metabolomics and lipidomics, have potential in finding biomarkers related to thyroid carcinoma. Among the previous studies, the most important introduced altered tissue metabolites and lipids included glucose and galactose, lactate, Scyllo- and Myo inositol, hypoxanthine, citrate, cholesterol, and choline. CONCLUSION: Metabolomics methods have been widely used in the field of biomarker discovery in thyroid cancer and attempts are still in progress to use these methods to find a reliable biomarker panel besides current diagnostic tools. PMID: 27805426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Urinary Biomarkers of Whole Grain Wheat Intake Identified by Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Approaches. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 02;6:36278 Authors: Zhu Y, Wang P, Sha W, Sang S Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to produce clear-cut conclusions on this topic. Here, a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches, together with kinetic studies, was used to investigate biomarkers of WG wheat intake and further explore the diet-disease associations. Via these integrated approaches, forty-one compounds were identified as the most discriminating endogenous metabolites after WG versus refined grain (RG) wheat bread consumption. The corresponding biological assessment of these endogenous changes suggests that, in contrast to RG consumption, WG wheat consumption may facilitate antioxidant defense systems and moderate the risk factors of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. A panel of urinary markers consisting of seven alkylresorcinol metabolites and five benzoxazinoid derivatives as specific biomarkers, as well as five phenolic acid derivatives, was also established to cover multiple time points and longer time periods for correctly and objectively monitoring WG wheat intake. Through these findings, we have established a comprehensive biomarker pool to better assess WG wheat consumption, and to monitor the endogenous changes that are linked to health effects of WG wheat consumption. PMID: 27805021 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Nicotiana tabacum Cells Induced by Priming Agents. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1527 Authors: Mhlongo MI, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Madala NE, Dubery IA Abstract Metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. Plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. Here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-S-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in Nicotiana tabacum cells. Identified biomarkers were then compared to responses induced by three phytohormones-abscisic acid, methyljasmonate, and salicylic acid. Altered metabolomes were studied using a metabolite fingerprinting approach based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Multivariate data models indicated that these inducers cause time-dependent metabolic perturbations in the cultured cells and revealed biomarkers of which the levels are affected by these agents. A total of 34 metabolites were annotated from the mass spectral data and online databases. Venn diagrams were used to identify common biomarkers as well as those unique to a specific agent. Results implicate 20 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to (i) quinic acid (chlorogenic acids), (ii) tyramine, (iii) polyamines, or (iv) glucose as discriminatory biomarkers of priming in tobacco cells. Functional roles for most of these metabolites in plant defense responses could thus be proposed. Metabolites induced by the activators belong to the early phenylpropanoid pathway, which indicates that different stimuli can activate similar pathways but with different metabolite fingerprints. Possible linkages to phytohormone-dependent pathways at a metabolomic level were indicated in the case of cells treated with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate. The results contribute to a better understanding of the priming phenomenon and advance our knowledge of cinnamic acid derivatives as versatile defense metabolites. PMID: 27803705 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Poria Attenuates Idiosyncratic Liver Injury Induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:386 Authors: Gao D, Pang JY, Zhang CE, Li CY, Tu C, Zhang HZ, Niu M, Xiong Y, Xiao XH, Zhao KJ, Gao WW, Wang JB Abstract The hepatotoxicity induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PM) has aroused great concern throughout the world. Hence, it is worthwhile to perform studies on the detoxification with the combined use of medicinal herbs based on the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine. In this work, the rat model of PM/LPS-induced idiosyncratic liver injury was used. The effects of Poria, Licorice, and Panax notoginseng on rats of PM/LPS-induced liver injury were investigated respectively, hoping to find the most effective herbal medicine to reduce the hepatotoxicity. According to results of biochemical and histological tests, PM could induce the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of rats which presented modest inflammation triggered by non-injurious dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also found that the combined use of Poria and PM in the ratio of 1:2 could significantly ameliorate the PM/LPS-induced liver injury and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, UPLC/QTOF-MS-based metabolomics was performed to identify possible biomarkers and underlying biological pathways. Ten metabolites were expressed differentially among LPS, PM/LPS, and detoxification-treated groups in terms of PCA and OPLS-DA analysis, which could be potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that alterations of these metabolites were primarily involved in three pathways: arginine and proline metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. This research provides systematic experimental evidences for the hepatoprotective effect of Poria against PM/LPS-induced liver injury for the first time. And these findings may help better understand the underlying mechanisms of pathophysiologic changes in PM/LPS-induced liver injury. PMID: 27803670 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Immunological Mechanisms Underneath the Efficacy of Cancer Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016 Nov;4(11):895-902 Authors: Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Abstract Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the success of several anticancer agents-including some conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents as well as specific forms of radiotherapy-depends (at least in part) on their ability to stimulate anticancer immune responses. Such immunostimulatory effects can be "on-target," i.e., they originate within cancer cells, or "off-target," i.e., they develop from a heretofore unsuspected interaction between cancer therapy and the immune system. Here, we briefly discuss the immunologic mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of some forms of cancer therapy, as we highlight the rationale for combining these treatment modalities with immunotherapy to achieve superior therapeutic effects. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 895-902. ©2016 AACR. PMID: 27803050 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Calreticulin exposure by malignant blasts correlates with robust anticancer immunity and improved clinical outcome in AML patients. Blood. 2016 Nov 1;: Authors: Fucikova J, Truxova I, Hensler M, Becht E, Kasikova L, Moserova I, Vosahlikova S, Klouckova J, Church SE, Cremer I, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Salek C, Spisek R Abstract Cancer cell death can be perceived as immunogenic by the host only when malignant cells emit immunostimulatory signals (so-called "damage-associated molecular patterns", DAMPs), as they die in the context of failing adaptive responses to stress. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the capacity of immunogenic cell death (ICD) to (re-)activate an anticancer immune response is key to the success of various chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimens. Malignant blasts from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients exposed multiple DAMPs including calreticulin (CRT), heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 on their plasma membrane irrespective of treatment. In these patients, high levels of surface-exposed (ecto-)CRT correlated with an increased proportion of natural killer (NK) cells and effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the periphery. Moreover, CRT exposure on the plasma membrane of malignant blasts positively correlated with the frequency of circulating T cells specific for leukemia-associated antigens (LAAs), indicating that ecto-CRT favors the initiation of anticancer immunity in AML patients. Finally, while the levels of ecto-HSP70, ecto-HSP90 and ecto-CRT were all associated with improved relapse-free survival, only CRT exposure significantly correlated with superior overall survival. Thus, CRT exposure represents a novel powerful prognostic biomarker for AML patients, reflecting the activation of a clinically relevant AML-specific immune response. PMID: 27802968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Metabolite and Microbiome Interplay in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 2016 Nov 1;76(21):6146-6152 Authors: Johnson CH, Spilker ME, Goetz L, Peterson SN, Siuzdak G Abstract The role of the host microbiome has come to the forefront as a potential modulator of cancer metabolism and could be a future target for precision medicine. A recent study revealed that in colon cancer, bacteria form polysaccharide matrices called biofilms at a high frequency in the proximal colon. Comprehensive untargeted and stable isotope-assisted metabolomic analysis revealed that the bacteria utilize polyamine metabolites produced from colon adenomas/carcinomas to build these protective biofilms and may contribute to inflammation and proliferation observed in colon cancer. This study highlighted the importance of finding the biological origin of a metabolite and assessing its metabolism and mechanism of action. This led to a better understanding of host and microbial interactions, thereby aiding therapeutic design for cancer. In this review, we will discuss methodologies for identifying the biological origin and roles of metabolites in cancer progression and discuss the interactions of the microbiome and metabolites in immunity and cancer treatment, focusing on the flourishing field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6146-52. ©2016 AACR. PMID: 27729325 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Environment-induced epigenetic reprogramming in genomic regulatory elements in smoking mothers and their children. Mol Syst Biol. 2016 Mar 24;12(3):861 Authors: Bauer T, Trump S, Ishaque N, Thürmann L, Gu L, Bauer M, Bieg M, Gu Z, Weichenhan D, Mallm JP, Röder S, Herberth G, Takada E, Mücke O, Winter M, Junge KM, Grützmann K, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Wang Q, Lawerenz C, Borte M, Polte T, Schlesner M, Schanne M, Wiemann S, Geörg C, Stunnenberg HG, Plass C, Rippe K, Mizuguchi J, Herrmann C, Eils R, Lehmann I Abstract Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as links between prenatal environmental exposure and disease risk later in life. Here, we studied epigenetic changes associated with maternal smoking at base pair resolution by mapping DNA methylation, histone modifications, and transcription in expectant mothers and their newborn children. We found extensive global differential methylation and carefully evaluated these changes to separate environment associated from genotype-related DNA methylation changes. Differential methylation is enriched in enhancer elements and targets in particular "commuting" enhancers having multiple, regulatory interactions with distal genes. Longitudinal whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed that DNA methylation changes associated with maternal smoking persist over years of life. Particularly in children prenatal environmental exposure leads to chromatin transitions into a hyperactive state. Combined DNA methylation, histone modification, and gene expression analyses indicate that differential methylation in enhancer regions is more often functionally translated than methylation changes in promoters or non-regulatory elements. Finally, we show that epigenetic deregulation of a commuting enhancer targeting c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is linked to impaired lung function in early childhood. PMID: 27013061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]