PubMed

Food Chem X. 2025 Feb 26;26:102326. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102326. eCollection 2025 Feb.ABSTRACTThis study investigated the use of daylily as a novel adjunct in craft beer production with four Saccharomyces yeast strains. The addition of daylily powder and yeast selection significantly influenced the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and overall metabolome of the beers. Yeast strains exhibited variations in color, alcohol content, phenolic and flavonoid levels, and antioxidant capacity. Metabolomic analysis revealed differences in lipid, amino acid, tannin, and fatty acid synthesis between strains. Volatile profiles also differed markedly in esters, terpenes, higher alcohols, acids, and aldehydes. While 90 % of metabolites were conserved, key differences reflected distinct metabolic regulation among strains. These findings highlight the potential of daylily as a flavorful and bioactive beer ingredient, and emphasize the importance of targeted yeast selection for optimizing beer quality and metabolome. This work provides a practical framework for brewers to develop innovative beers with enhanced functional properties and specialized flavor profiles.PMID:40115499 | PMC:PMC11923835 | DOI:10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102326

Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Mar 19;13(3):e70101. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70101. eCollection 2025 Mar.ABSTRACTPhytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that play a key role in promoting health and preventing diseases. Present in fruits, vegetables, grains, and seed oils, these compounds are considered safe for consumption due to the co-evolution and adaptation between mammals and plants. Due to their wide-ranging biological effects, they have attracted considerable research interest. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of action, health benefits, and applications of dietary phytochemicals, with a particular focus on key groups such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Research shows that dietary phytochemicals interact with nuclear and membrane receptors, influence metabolic pathways, and affect epigenetic modifications. Our review highlights the broad range of biological activities of these compounds, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer effects, all of which contribute to their health-promoting properties. Clinical evidence supports their role in the prevention and management of diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, metabolic conditions, and cancer, with diets rich in phytochemicals being linked to a lower risk of disease. Phytochemicals are also at the cutting edge of applications in food preservation, dietary supplements, and emerging medical treatments. Additionally, we identified advancements in extraction and identification techniques, particularly in metabolomics, which further enhance their applications in these areas. Despite their promising benefits, challenges such as bioavailability, regulatory barriers, and the need for robust clinical trials persist. However, innovative delivery systems like nanoparticles, liposomes, and encapsulation offer potential solutions to enhance bioavailability by improving absorption and stability. The review concludes by emphasizing the potential of personalized nutrition and combination therapies to enhance the health benefits of dietary phytochemicals while stressing the need for advancements in extraction methods, clinical trials, and bioavailability.PMID:40115248 | PMC:PMC11922683 | DOI:10.1002/fsn3.70101

Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025 Mar 20;24(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02645-4.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: This study aims to identify early metabolomic biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluate their association with hepatic steatosis.METHODS: We compared maternal serum metabolomic profiles between women who developed GDM (n = 118) and matched controls (n = 118) during the first (10-14 gestational weeks) and second (24-28 gestational weeks) trimesters using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediating role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the relationship between metabolites and subsequent development of GDM. A refined prediction model was developed to predict GDM using established clinical factors and selected metabolites.RESULTS: Significant alterations in circulating metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, and phospholipids, were observed in the GDM group compared to controls during early pregnancy. Mediation analysis revealed that several metabolites, including glycocholic acid (proportion mediated (PM) = 31.9%), butanoyl carnitine (PM = 25.7%), and uric acid (PM = 22.4%), had significant indirect effects on GDM incidence mediated by hepatic steatosis. The refined prediction model composed of clinical factors and selected metabolites in the first trimester demonstrated higher performance in predicting GDM development than the established prediction model composed solely of clinical factors (AUC, 0.85 vs. 0.63, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Women who developed GDM exhibited altered metabolomic profiles from early pregnancy, which showed a significant correlation with GDM, with MASLD as a mediator. Selected metabolomic biomarkers may serve as predictive markers and potential targets for early risk assessment and intervention in GDM.RESEARCH INSIGHTS: WHAT IS CURRENTLY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with significant health risks. Early identification of women at high risk for GDM is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes. WHAT IS THE KEY RESEARCH QUESTION?: What alterations in circulating metabolites during early pregnancy are associated with subsequent GDM development? Does metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) mediate the association between specific metabolites and GDM risk? WHAT IS NEW?: Significant alterations in bile acids, amino acids, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols were observed in early pregnancy sera of women who later developed GDM. MASLD significantly mediated the effects of several metabolites on GDM risk, with mediation proportions ranging from 9.7 to 31.9%. A refined prediction model composed of clinical factors and metabolites significantly improved the performance in predicting GDM development. HOW MIGHT THIS STUDY INFLUENCE CLINICAL PRACTICE?: These results provide new insights into early metabolic alterations associated with GDM development and highlight the potential mediating role of MASLD. This comprehensive metabolomic approach may contribute to the development of improved risk prediction models and targeted interventions for GDM prevention.PMID:40114104 | DOI:10.1186/s12933-025-02645-4

BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Mar 20;25(1):361. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06288-1.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: To investigate the salt tolerance of Populus talassica × Populus euphratica, morphological and physiological parameters were measured on the second day after the 15th, 30th and 45th days of NaCl treatment, revealing significant effects of NaCl on growth. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis were conducted under different NaCl treatments.RESULTS: The results of morphological and physiological indexes showed that under low salt treatment, P. talassica × P. euphratica was able to coordinate the growth of aboveground and belowground parts. Under high salt concentration, the growth and water balance of P. talassica × P. euphratica were markedly inhibited. The most significant differences between treatments were observed on the second day after the 45th day of NaCl treatment. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the pathways of gene enrichment in the roots and stems of P. talassica × P. euphratica were different in the salt resistance response. And it involves several core pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant- pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and several key Transcription factors (TFs) such as AP2/ERF, NAC, WRKY and bZIP. Metabolomic analysis revealed that KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed unique metabolic pathways were enriched in P. talassica × P. euphratica under both 200 mM and 400 mM NaCl treatments. Additionally, while there were some differences in the metabolic pathways enriched in the roots and stems, both tissues commonly enriched pathways related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of cofactors, biosynthesis of amino acids, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Association analysis further indicated that biosynthesis of amino acids and plant hormone signal transduction pathway play key roles in the response of P. talassica × P. euphratica to salt stress. The interactions between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and several differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), especially the strong association between LOC105124002 and Jasmonoyl-L-Isoleucine (pme2074), were again revealed by the interactions analysis.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we resolved the changes of metabolic pathways in roots and stems of P. talassica × P. euphratica under different NaCl treatments and explored the associations between characteristic DEGs and DAMs, which provided insights into the mechanisms of P. talassica × P. euphratica in response to salt stress.PMID:40114044 | DOI:10.1186/s12870-025-06288-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 20;15(1):9592. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94838-w.ABSTRACTThe core syndrome among NBIA disorders is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene. There is no therapy for PKAN; only symptomatic treatment is available. Our work aimed to identify the mechanisms induced by biochemical disturbances in the cell cycle and identify potential pharmacological targets to improve patient quality of life. Mass spectrometry (MS) (metals) and NMR spectroscopy (hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds) were used for profile analyses of the sera of 12 PKAN patients and 12 controls to study the compounds involved in PKAN pathomechanisms. We performed ANOVA and multivariate analysis using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. We have shown for the first time that patients have 100-500-fold greater serum citrate levels than controls do, which may contribute to Fe transport and ferroptosis. Ferroptosis may be indicated by disturbances in the levels of many metals, oxidative stress, disturbances in energy production and neurotransmission or dysfunction of biological membranes. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis could be a primary cause of cell death in PKAN patients. This could be indicated by serum metabolomics.PMID:40113937 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-94838-w

Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Mar 21;10(1):92. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02180-4.ABSTRACTActivating PIK3CA mutations, present in up to 40% of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (Her2-) breast cancer (BC) patients, can be effectively targeted with the alpha isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor Alpelisib. This treatment significantly improves outcomes for HR+, Her2-, and PIK3CA-mutated metastatic BC patients. However, acquired resistance, often due to aberrant activation of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, remains a significant clinical challenge. Our study, using in vitro and orthotopic xenograft mouse models, demonstrates that constitutively active mTORC1 signaling renders PI3K inhibitor-resistant BC exquisitely sensitive to various drugs targeting cancer metabolism. Mechanistically, mTORC1 suppresses the induction of autophagy during metabolic perturbation, leading to energy stress, a critical depletion of aspartate, and ultimately cell death. Supporting this mechanism, BC cells with CRISPR/Cas9-engineered knockouts of canonical autophagy genes showed similar vulnerability to metabolically active drugs. In BC patients, high mTORC1 activity, indicated by 4E-BP1T37/46 phosphorylation, correlated with p62 accumulation, a sign of impaired autophagy. Together, these markers predicted poor overall survival in multiple BC subgroups. Our findings reveal that aberrant mTORC1 signaling, a common cause of PI3K inhibitor resistance in BC, creates a druggable metabolic vulnerability by suppressing autophagy. Additionally, the combination of 4E-BP1T37/46 phosphorylation and p62 accumulation serves as a biomarker for poor overall survival, suggesting their potential utility in identifying BC patients who may benefit from metabolic therapies.PMID:40113784 | DOI:10.1038/s41392-025-02180-4

NPJ Sci Food. 2025 Mar 20;9(1):35. doi: 10.1038/s41538-025-00403-0.ABSTRACTWestern-style dietary patterns have been linked with obesity and associated metabolic disorders and gut dysbiosis, whereas prudent dietary and snacking choices mitigate these predispositions. Using a multi-omics approach, we investigated how almond snacking counters gut imbalances linked to adiposity and an average American Diet (AAD). Fifteen adults with overweight or obesity underwent a randomized, crossover-controlled feeding trial comparing a 4-week AAD with a similar isocaloric diet supplemented with 42.5 g/day of almonds (ALD). Almond snacking increases functional gut microbes, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while suppressing opportunistic pathogens, thereby favorably modulating gut microecological niches through symbiotic and microbe-metabolite interactions. Moreover, ALD elevates health-beneficial monosaccharides and fosters bacterial consumption of amino acids, owing to enhanced microbial homeostasis. Additionally, ALD enhances metabolic homeostasis through a ketosis-like effect, reduces inflammation, and improves satiety-regulating hormones. The findings suggest that prudent dietary choices, such as almond snacking, promote gut microbial homeostasis while modulating immune metabolic state.PMID:40113782 | DOI:10.1038/s41538-025-00403-0

Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 20;16(1):2740. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57992-3.ABSTRACTEmerging evidence has unveiled heterogeneity in phenotypic and transcriptional alterations at the single-cell level during oxidative stress and senescence. Despite the pivotal roles of cellular metabolism, a comprehensive elucidation of metabolomic heterogeneity in cells and its connection with cellular oxidative and senescent status remains elusive. By integrating single-cell live imaging with mass spectrometry (SCLIMS), we establish a cross-modality technique capturing both metabolome and oxidative level in individual cells. The SCLIMS demonstrates substantial metabolomic heterogeneity among cells with diverse oxidative levels. Furthermore, the single-cell metabolome predicted heterogeneous states of cells. Remarkably, the pre-existing metabolomic heterogeneity determines the divergent cellular fate upon oxidative insult. Supplementation of key metabolites screened by SCLIMS resulted in a reduction in cellular oxidative levels and an extension of C. elegans lifespan. Altogether, SCLIMS represents a potent tool for integrative metabolomics and phenotypic profiling at the single-cell level, offering innovative approaches to investigate metabolic heterogeneity in cellular processes.PMID:40113759 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-57992-3

Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 20;16(1):2760. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57979-0.ABSTRACTEndotoxin-driven systemic immune activation is a common hallmark across various clinical conditions. During acute critical illness, elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide triggers non-specific systemic immune activation. In addition, a compositional shift in the gut microbiota, including an increase in gut-luminal opportunistic pathogens, is observed. Whether a causal link exists between acute endotoxemia and abundance of gut-luminal opportunistic pathogens is incompletely understood. Here, we model acute, pathophysiological lipopolysaccharide concentrations in mice and show that systemic exposure promotes a 100-10'000-fold expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Salmonella Typhimurium in the gut within one day, without overt enteropathy. Mechanistically, this is driven by a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent increase in gut-luminal oxygen species levels, which transiently halts microbiota fermentation and fuels growth of gut-luminal facultative anaerobic pathogens through oxidative respiration. Thus, systemic immune activation transiently perturbs microbiota homeostasis and favours opportunistic pathogens, potentially increasing the risk of infection in critically ill patients.PMID:40113753 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-57979-0

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Mar 8;46(3):1841-1849. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202403163.ABSTRACTTo investigate the accumulation kinetics of microplastics （MPs） with different characteristics in zooplankton and the related biological effects, the accumulation and clearance of polystyrene microplastics （PS-MPs） with different concentrations and particle sizes in brine shrimp （Artemiasaline） were analyzed under different nutritional conditions. The responses of microbial communities and metabolic functions in brine shrimp were revealed using the combination methods of microbiome and metabolome. The results showed that the accumulation and clearance rate of PS-MPs in brine shrimp increased with the increase in exposure concentrations, showing a concentration-dependent manner. On the contrary, the accumulation and clearance of PS-MPs in brine shrimp were negatively correlated with their particle sizes. The nutritional condition did not alter the accumulation kinetics of PS-MPs in brine shrimp, indicating that short-term feeding may have had no effect on the uptake and clearance of PS-MPs in brine shrimp. Compared to that in the control, exposure to PS-MPs significantly enhanced the diversity of the microbial community in brine shrimp. The proportions of Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter were increased by 0.4 folds and 12.3 folds, respectively, whereas the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacillus were decreased by 43% and 86%, respectively. This finding indicates that PS-MPs may have caused an imbalance of the bacterial community in brine shrimp by inhibiting the beneficial bacteria and stimulating the harmful bacteria, thus disrupting the metabolic function in brine shrimp. In addition, exposure to PS-MPs resulted in a production of 2 311 different metabolites in brine shrimp and mainly disrupted the pyrimidine metabolism and the biosynthesis of dermal sulfate/chondroitin sulfate in brine shrimp, leading to toxicity in the shrimp. The accumulation and biological effects of MPs with different characteristics in zooplankton may further affect the stability of aquatic systems, leading to unpredictable ecological risks.PMID:40113321 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202403163

Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar 18:142267. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142267. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are dietary risk factors formed through the non-enzymatic glycation of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and other compounds. Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide (SGP) exhibits strong antioxidant activity and holds potential as a natural inhibitor of glycation. This study aims to investigate the anti-glycation activity and mechanisms of SGP, providing a theoretical basis for the anti-glycation effects of SGP. The results demonstrated that SGP inhibited the formation of AGEs during biscuit baking in a food matrix. In the bovine serum albumin-fructose (BSA-Fru) model, SGP reduced the formation of AGEs by chelating metal ions. SGP, Fru, and BSA were found to share the same binding sites, enabling SGP to compete with Fru for the aspartic acid 108 and arginine 144 binding sites on BSA, thereby directly inhibiting AGEs formation. In the Caco-2 cell model, SGP alleviated N-ε- (Carboxymethyl)-l-lysine (CML)-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress and regulating metabolic pathways, including the glycine-serine-threonine metabolism pathway, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In summary, SGP not only serves as a natural inhibitor of in vitro AGEs formation but also alleviates intestinal barrier damage. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing SGP as a functional food additive.PMID:40112993 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142267

Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar 18:142149. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142149. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo understand the potential regulatory mechanism of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) treatment on postharvest softening of okra, a joint analysis of physiologic index, transcriptome and metabolome was used. The results showed that CMCS could delay the deterioration of the apparent quality of okra and reduce the degradation of chlorophyll. CMCS can reduce the accumulation of WSP and CSP and the decrease of NSP, and inhibit the enzyme activities of pectin degradation (PE, PG, PL). The results of metabolic pathways related to quality and texture showed that CMCS could increase the metabolic level of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), inhibit the expression of membrane lipid degradation-related genes, and balance the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are two important phytohormones. CMCS down-regulates the biosynthesis of ethylene and increases the expression of ABA. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that CMCS could significantly up-regulate flavonoid biosynthesis metabolites and transcriptional expression levels. Cellulose and pectin are important polymers to maintain the rigidity of okra cell wall. CMCS treatment can slow down the accumulation of cellulose by regulating the expression of DEGs related to cellulose synthesis (CesA) and degradation (EGase). CMCS slowed down the degradation of pectin by down-regulating the expression of pectin degradation-related genes. These results indicate that the quality of okra is deteriorated and the fruit is softened during cold storage. CMCS treatment can improve the nutritional quality of okra and slow down its texture decline. In this study, the regulatory effect of CMCS on softening and quality deterioration of okra during cold storage was discussed at the molecular level, which provided a reference for improving the quality of postharvest okra.PMID:40112992 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142149

J Lipid Res. 2025 Mar 18:100780. doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100780. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLipid metabolism and circulatory lipid levels are tightly associated with the (cardio)metabolic health. Consequently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics has emerged as a powerful phenotyping tool in epidemiological, human population, and in clinical intervention studies. However, ensuring high throughput and reproducible measurement of a wide panel of circulatory lipid species in large-scale studies poses a significant challenge. Here, we applied a recently developed quantitative LC-MS/MS lipidomics approach to a subset of 1086 fasted plasma samples belonging to apparently healthy participants from prospective Lausanne population study. This high-coverage and high-throughput HILIC-based methodology allowed for the robust measurement of 782 circulatory lipid species spanning 22 lipid classes and six orders of magnitude-wide concentration range. This was achieved by combining semi-automated sample preparation using a stable isotope dilution approach and the alternate analysis of NIST plasma reference material, as a quality control. Based on NIST QC analysis, median between-batch reproducibility was 8.5%, over the course of analysis of 13 independent batches comprising 1086 samples collected from 364 individuals at three time points. Importantly, the biological variability, per lipid species, was significantly higher than the batch-to-batch analytical variability. Furthermore, the significantly lower between-subject (compared to within-subject) variability, and unsupervised sample clustering demonstrated the high individuality and sex-specificity of circulatory lipidome. The most prominent sex differences were reported for sphingomyelins and ether-linked phospholipids present in significantly higher concentrations in female plasma. The high individuality and sex specificity of circulatory lipidome constitute important advantages for the application of lipidomics in next-generation metabolic health monitoring.PMID:40112951 | DOI:10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100780

Food Chem. 2025 Mar 13;480:143858. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143858. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFirst-drying is a crucial step in black tea processing. Herein, the influence of different first-drying methods on black tea flavor formation was investigated, including box-hot air first-drying (BFD), roller first-drying, and microwave first-drying. Electronic tongue and color difference revealed distinct taste profiles (especially in bitter, astringency, sweet, umami) and liquor colors among three groups. Quantification and metabolomics analysis revealed that tea pigments (theaflavins, thearubigins), catechins, and other 34 metabolites including dimeric/trimeric catechins, amino acids and derivatives, flavonols and flavonol/flavone glycosides, phenolic acids, etc., were key differential components. The evolution of key metabolites, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities were tracked during drying. BFD exhibited significantly slower enzyme inactivation rate. Multiple conversions were possibly involved in drying, including catechins conversion (polymerization, degalloylation, epimerization), hydrolysis of flavonol-O-glycosides and phenolic acid esters, flavone-C-glycosides synthesis, etc., driven by the remaining PPO and POD activities and heat. Moreover, validation batch further verified the result.PMID:40112729 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143858

Food Chem. 2025 Mar 13;480:143687. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143687. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNMR-based Metabolomics approach assessed phytochemical profile in seed and husk of three cardamom species: Elettaria cardamomum (green), Amomum subulatum (black), and Aframomum corrorima (white). NMR Spectroscopy identified 20 metabolites belonging to sugars, amino-, organic-, fatty acids, terpenes, and phenolics. Multivariate data analyses revealed distinct metabolic profiles among the 3 species, and further in seed versus husk. A. subulatum seed showed the highest sugar and amino acid levels, while E. cardamomum seed was richer in ω-3 fatty acids. Husk, especially from A. subulatum and E. cardamomum, contained high levels of phenolic acids. Compared to other cardamom taxa, A. corrorima exhibited lower levels of most chemicals. This study highlights the potential value of cardamom husk, particularly from A. subulatum and E. cardamomum species enriched in phenolic acids and terpenes known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, for use as a food preservative. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were assessed through in vitro assays, revealing their potential for value-added applications in food preservation and therapeutic uses.PMID:40112722 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143687

Food Chem. 2025 Mar 18;480:143924. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143924. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo elucidate differences in nutritional components and glucosinolates between broccoli and lacinato kale leaves, and to promote consumption of broccoli and kale leaves for human nutrition, food development, and by-product utilisation, this study used UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of their metabolome and glucosinolate profiles. In broccoli leaves, 11 glucosinolates were identified, notably including high concentrations of glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin. In contrast, lacinato kale leaves contained seven glucosinolates, with glucoraphasatin being the most abundant. Moreover, our analysis revealed 644 metabolites, 87 of which were differentially expressed between these crucuiferous vegetables. These findings not only offer new insights into nutritional value but also highlight their potential as plant chassis for the biosynthesis of valuable products, thereby broadening food diversity and improving by-product utilisation.PMID:40112720 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143924

Food Chem. 2025 Mar 8;479:143765. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143765. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTJinhua formation during the storage (JFDS) was found in two Yunnan teas that were defined as jinhua ripened Pu-erh tea (JRIPT) and jinhua white tea (JWT), respectively. Integrated multi-omics of metagenomics, volatilomics and metabolomics was developed to elucidate JFDS mechanism. Overall, JFDS caused significant differences in characteristic flavor, microbial community structure and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile. Among 14 co-critical fungi, Eurotium repens was regarded as the golden-flower fungus for JFDS, and had higher relative abundance in Yunnan jinhua teas over 50 %. Based on 291 VOCs and 83 odor-active compounds, E. repens directly promoted glycoside hydrolysis and carotene degradation to formulate β-linalool, β-ionone and 3,4-dehydro-β-ionone for jinhua fungus aroma of JWT. With Arxula adeninivorans synergy, E. repens activity contributed to Chinese medicine-like smell of JRIPT through sesquiterpenes and methoxybenzenes accumulation. Additionally, E. repens activity in the JFDS accelerated catechins oxidative polymerization, and other flavonoids conversion to enhance mellow taste.PMID:40112621 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143765

Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Mar 19;153:114489. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114489. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the significant drug-induced diseases and a major cause of clinically unexplained liver injury and unexplained liver diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying doxorubicin (DOX)-induced DILI remain unclear. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of DOX-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and employed a combination of proteomics, metabolomics, and flow cytometry (FCM) to examine the roles of metabolic processes and innate immune responses. Our findings revealed that DOX treatment altered the metabolic profile and innate immune response signals in mouse livers. Specifically, DOX activated the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2)-mediated L-Tryptophan/L-Kynurenine metabolic pathway. Further in-depth analysis demonstrated that DOX promoted natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction leading to ALI by activating the kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Kyn-AhR) axis. Importantly, targeting the Kyn-AhR axis could reverse DOX-induced ALI. In summary, this study suggests that targeting the Kyn-AhR axis holds promise as an effective strategy to reverse ALI.PMID:40112597 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114489

Aquat Toxicol. 2025 Mar 12;282:107324. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107324. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDeoxynivalenol (DON), a prevalent mycotoxin contaminating cereal crops globally, poses significant threats to animal and human health through its gastrointestinal toxicity. While DON-induced intestinal damage has been documented in mammals, its metabolic mechanisms in aquatic species remain poorly understood, particularly in adult zebrafish models that offer unique advantages for toxicological studies. Multi-omics analysis revealed 16 key differential metabolites (9 upregulated, 7 downregulated) associated with amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate homeostasis. Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant perturbations in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and sphingolipid signaling, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction and epithelial barrier disruption as primary toxicity mechanisms. This study establishes the first adult zebrafish model for DON intestinal toxicity evaluation, demonstrating its utility in revealing conserved metabolic targets across species. The identified pathway-specific biomarkers provide novel insights for developing dietary interventions against mycotoxin exposure.PMID:40112585 | DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107324

Theriogenology. 2025 Mar 17;240:117395. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117395. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCryopreservation of boar semen is widely applied in the conservation of genetic resources and animal breeding to enhance the utilization efficiency of superior boars. However, accurately identifying individuals with good freezing tolerance in boar sperm remains challenging. In this study, based on the differences in sperm motility before and after cryopreservation from 328 boars, we selected six boars each from the Duroc, Landrace, and Large White breeds, and categorized them into poor freezability ejaculates (PFE) and good freezability ejaculates (GFE) groups for sperm metabolomic analysis. A total of 1288 metabolites were identified using both positive and negative ion modes. There were 148 differentially expressed metabolites between the GFE and PFE groups, which were enriched in pathways such as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; D-amino acid metabolism; histidine metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; citrate cycle (TCA cycle); pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; and pyruvate metabolism. Further analysis, including ROC curve evaluation, identified seven potential biomarkers for sperm cryopreservation. Argininosuccinic acid, asparagine, L-aspartate, fumarate, D-ornithine, DL-serine and histidine were tightly interconnected in a series of amino acids metabolism. In conclusion, our findings imply that differences in certain amino acid biosynthetic pathways contribute to the variations in freezing tolerance of boar sperm.PMID:40112454 | DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117395