PubMed

J Nutr. 2022 Apr;152(4):1118-1129. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac006. Epub 2023 Feb 18.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the integrative effects of diet, BMI, and exercise on postprandial changes in energy and circulating metabolic profiles.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the collective effects of 3 isocaloric meals high in carbohydrate (74.2% energy), fat (64.6% energy), or protein (39.5% energy) on energy expenditure and clinical and metabolomic biomarkers under resting and exercise conditions in normal-weight and overweight/obese men.METHODS: This crossover controlled acute trial included 20 normal-weight (BMI, 18.5 to <24 kg/m2) and 20 overweight/obese (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) men aged 18-45 years. Each of 3 test meals was provided for 2 continuous days: a resting day without exercise, followed by an exercise day with a bicycling exercise of 50% maximal oxygen consumption (postprandial 90-120 minutes). Energy expenditure (exploratory outcome of primary interest) was measured using indirect calorimetry. Fasting and postprandial 2-hour serum clinical and metabolomic biomarkers (secondary interest) were measured. Mixed models were used to examine the effects of meal, time, and/or BMI category.RESULTS: On the resting day, no significant between-meal differences were detected for energy expenditure. However, high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals induced the highest postprandial 2-hour increase in glucose (0.34 ± 0.15 mmol/L) and triglyceride (0.95 ± 0.09 mmol/L), respectively, while the high-protein meal reduced glucose (-0.48 ± 0.08 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (-0.01 ± 0.03 mmol/L; all Pmeal values < 0.001). On the exercise day, a high-carbohydrate meal significantly promoted the carbohydrate oxidation rate but suppressed the fat oxidation rate (Pmeal < 0.05), while its postprandial glucose response was attenuated by bicycling (-0.31 ± 0.03 mmol/L; Pexercise < 0.001). We identified 69 metabolites as key features in discriminating between the 3 meals, and overweight/obese men had more varieties of metabolites than normal-weight men.CONCLUSIONS: Three isocaloric meals induced unique postprandial changes in clinical and metabolomic biomarkers, while exercise prevented the hyperglycemia induced by a high-carbohydrate meal. Overweight/obese men were more responsive to the meal challenges than normal-weight men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03231618.PMID:36967169 | DOI:10.1093/jn/nxac006

J Nutr. 2022 Apr;152(4):1107-1117. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac004. Epub 2023 Feb 18.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: We recently developed protein and carbohydrate intake biomarkers using metabolomics profiles in serum and urine, and used them to correct self-reported dietary data for measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated carbohydrate density was inversely associated with chronic disease risk, whereas protein density associations were mixed.OBJECTIVES: To elucidate and extend this earlier work through biomarker development for protein and carbohydrate components, including animal protein and fiber.METHODS: Prospective disease association analyses were undertaken in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts of postmenopausal US women, aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 US clinical centers. Biomarkers were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations for protein and carbohydrate components were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with chronic disease incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over a 20-y (median) follow-up period, using HR regression methods.RESULTS: Previously reported elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with higher-protein diets tended to be explained by animal protein density. For example, for coronary heart disease a 20% increment in animal protein density had an HR of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.42) relative to the HR for total protein density. In comparison, cancer and diabetes risk showed little association with animal protein density beyond that attributable to total protein density. Inverse carbohydrate density associations with total CVD were mostly attributable to fiber density, with a 20% increment HR factor of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.94). Cancer risk showed little association with fiber density, whereas diabetes risk had a 20% increment HR of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.98) relative to the HRs for total carbohydrate density.CONCLUSIONS: In a population of postmenopausal US women, CVD risk was associated with high-animal-protein and low-fiber diets, cancer risk was associated with low-carbohydrate diets, and diabetes risk was associated with low-fiber/low-carbohydrate diets.PMID:36967168 | DOI:10.1093/jn/nxac004

Neuroscience. 2023 Mar 24:S0306-4522(23)00132-X. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.016. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe circadian clock can coordinate, regulate and predict physiology and behavior in response to the standard light-dark (LD: 12h light and 12h dark) cycle. If we alter the LD cycle by exposing mice to constant darkness (DD: 00h light and 24h dark), it can perturb behavior, the brain, and associated physiological parameters. The length of DD exposure and the sex of experimental animals are crucial variables that could alter the impact of DD on the brain, behavior, and physiology, which have not yet been explored. We exposed mice to DD for three and five weeks and studied their impact on 1) behavior, 2) hormones, 3) the prefrontal cortex, and 4) metabolites in male and female mice. We also studied the effect of three weeks of standard light-dark cycle restoration after five weeks of DD on the parameters mentioned above. We found that DD exposure was associated with anxiety-like behavior, increased corticosterone and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), downregulated neurotrophins (BDNF and NGF), and altered metabolites profile in a duration of DD exposure and sex-dependent manner. Females showed a more robust adaptation than males under DD exposure. Three weeks of restoration was adequate to establish homeostasis in both sexes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to look at how DD exposure impacts physiology and behavior as a function of sex- and time. These findings would have translational value and may help in establishing sex-specific interventions for addressing DD-related psychological issues.PMID:36966879 | DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.016

Transplant Cell Ther. 2023 Mar 24:S2666-6367(23)01196-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is used in the treatment of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), however, the treatment has high risk of severe transplant-related mortality (TRM). In this study, we examined pretransplant serum samples derived from 92 consecutive allotransplant recipients with AML or MDS. Using non-targeted metabolomics, we identified 1274 metabolites including 968 of known identity (named biochemicals). We further investigated metabolites that differed significantly when comparing patients with and without early extensive fluid retention, pretransplant inflammation (both being associated with increased risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)/nonrelapse mortality) and development of systemic steroid-requiring acute GVHD (aGVHD). All three factors are associated with TRM and were also associated with significantly altered amino acid metabolism, though there was only a minor overlap between these three factors with regard to significantly altered individual metabolites. Furthermore, steroid-requiring aGVHD was especially associated with altered taurine/hypotaurine, tryptophan, biotin, and phenylacetate metabolism together with altered malate-aspartate shuttle and urea cycle regulation. In contrast, pretransplant inflammation was associated with a weaker modulation of many different metabolic pathways, whereas extensive fluid retention was associated with a weaker modulation of taurine/hypotaurine metabolism. An unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on the 13 most significantly identified metabolites associated with aGVHD identified a patient subset with high metabolite levels and increased frequencies of MDS/MDS-AML, steroid-requiring aGVHD and early TRM. On the other hand, a clustering analysis based on metabolites that were significantly altered for aGVHD, inflammation and fluid retention comparison groups identified a patient subset with a highly significant association with TRM. Our study suggests that the systemic pretransplant metabolic profiles can be used to identify patient subsets with an increased frequency of TRM.PMID:36966869 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.020

Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2023 Mar 24;74:102288. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102288. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe computational metabolomics field brings together computer scientists, bioinformaticians, chemists, clinicians, and biologists to maximize the impact of metabolomics across a wide array of scientific and medical disciplines. The field continues to expand as modern instrumentation produces datasets with increasing complexity, resolution, and sensitivity. These datasets must be processed, annotated, modeled, and interpreted to enable biological insight. Techniques for visualization, integration (within or between omics), and interpretation of metabolomics data have evolved along with innovation in the databases and knowledge resources required to aid understanding. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field and reflect on opportunities and innovations in response to the most pressing challenges. This review was compiled from discussions from the 2022 Dagstuhl seminar entitled "Computational Metabolomics: From Spectra to Knowledge".PMID:36966702 | DOI:10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102288

Environ Int. 2023 Mar 21;174:107896. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107896. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBenzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging pollutants that are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. While structure-dependent effects of BUVSs are reported, the relationship between biotransformation and toxicity outcomes remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to two common BUVSs (UV-234 and UV-326) at 1, 10, and 100 µg/L for up to 7 days. Comparison of their uptake and biotransformation revealed that the bioaccumulation capacity of UV-234 was higher than that of UV-326, while UV-326 was more extensively biotransformed with additional conjugation reactions. However, UV-326 showed low metabolism due to inhibited phase II enzymes, which may result in the comparable internal concentrations of both BUVSs in larval zebrafish. Both BUVSs induced oxidative stress while decreased MDA, suggesting the disturbance of lipid metabolism. The subsequent metabolomic profiling revealed that UV-234 and UV-326 exerted different effects on arachidonic acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. However, both BUVSs negatively impacted the cyclic guanosine monophosphate / protein kinase G pathway. This converged metabolic change resulted in comparable toxicity of UV-234 and UV-326, which was confirmed by the induction of downstream apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and abnormal locomotion behavior. These data have important implications for understanding the metabolism, disposition, and toxicology of BUVSs in aquatic organisms.PMID:36966637 | DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107896

J Med Chem. 2023 Mar 26. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02000. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPhotoactive antibacterial therapy is one of the novel therapeutic methods that has great application potential and prospects for curbing bacterial infections. In this work, a photoactivated iridium complex (Ir-Cl) is synthesized for photoactive antibacterial research. Ir-Cl exhibits photoacidolysis, which can generate H+ and be converted into a photolysis product Ir-OH under blue light irradiation. At the meantime, this process is accompanied by 1O2 generation. Notably, Ir-Cl can selectively permeate S. aureus and exhibit excellent photoactive antibacterial activity. Mechanism studies show that Ir-Cl can ablate bacterial membranes and biofilms under light irradiation. Metabolomics analysis proves that Ir-Cl with light exposure mainly disturbs some amino acids' degradation (e.g., valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine) and pyrimidine metabolism, which indirectly causes the ablation of biofilms and ultimately produces irreversible damage to S. aureus. This work provides guidance for metal complexes in antibacterial application.PMID:36966514 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02000

Mol Cell Biochem. 2023 Mar 26. doi: 10.1007/s11010-023-04713-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMALDI imaging for metabolites and immunohistochemistry for 38 immune markers was used to characterize the spatial biology of 2 primary oral tumours, one from a patient with an early recurrence (Tumour R), and the other from a patient with no recurrence 2 years after treatment completion (Tumour NR). Tumour R had an increased purine nucleotide metabolism in different regions of tumour and adenosine-mediated suppression of immune cells compared to Tumour NR. The differentially expressed markers in the different spatial locations in tumour R were CD33, CD163, TGF-β, COX2, PD-L1, CD8 and CD20. These results suggest that altered tumour metabolomics concomitant with a modified immune microenvironment could be a potential marker of recurrence.PMID:36966422 | DOI:10.1007/s11010-023-04713-3

Commun Biol. 2023 Mar 25;6(1):323. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04693-6.ABSTRACTThe nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates specific immunological responses and controls a wide range of physiological processes. NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IKBA) is an NF-κB inhibitory mediator in the cytoplasm that modulates the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activities of NF-κB proteins. However, whether the upstream cascade of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway has physiological roles independent of IKBA-mediated transcriptional activation remains unclear. Herein we investigated the function of IKBA in mature sperm in which transcriptional and translational events do not occur. IKBA was highly expressed in human sperm. The repression of IKBA phosphorylation by its inhibitor Bay117082 markedly enhanced sperm motility. On the contrary, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IKBA phosphorylation significantly decreased sperm motility. Nevertheless, Bay117082 treatment did not affect the motility of IKBA-knockout sperm. Further, untargeted metabolomic analysis and pharmacological blocking assays revealed that the Bay117082-induced increase in sperm motility was attributable to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) enhancement. In addition, we found that IKBA phosphorylation inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in the FAO metabolic pathway. Our findings indicate that IKBA-mediated signaling orchestrates sperm motility program and improves our understanding of transcription-independent NF-κB signaling pathway in cells.PMID:36966253 | DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04693-6

Nat Commun. 2023 Mar 25;14(1):1661. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37363-6.ABSTRACTDeubiquitinating enzymes are key regulators in the ubiquitin system and an emerging class of drug targets. These proteases disassemble polyubiquitin chains and many deubiquitinases show selectivity for specific polyubiquitin linkages. However, most biochemical insights originate from studies of single diubiquitin linkages in isolation, whereas in cells all linkages coexist. To better mimick this diubiquitin substrate competition, we develop a multiplexed mass spectrometry-based deubiquitinase assay that can probe all ubiquitin linkage types simultaneously to quantify deubiquitinase activity in the presence of all potential diubiquitin substrates. For this, all eight native diubiquitins are generated and each linkage type is designed with a distinct molecular weight by incorporating neutron-encoded amino acids. Overall, 22 deubiquitinases are profiled, providing a three-dimensional overview of deubiquitinase linkage selectivity over time and enzyme concentration.PMID:36966155 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-37363-6

Asian J Surg. 2023 Mar 24:S1015-9584(23)00367-6. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.03.060. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:36966106 | DOI:10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.03.060

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2023 Mar 23:106436. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106436. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPURPOSE: Antibiotic resistance development in pathogenic bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae seriously threatens humankind. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction of bacteria with antibiotic agents and how it acquires resistance at the molecular level. The current study describes metabolomics analysis of K. pneumoniae sensitive strains and its gentamicin-tolerant (resistant) strains.METHODS: K. pneumoniae strains were treated at five different concentrations of gentamicin, increasing from a low dose (16.2 µg/mL) to the highest dose (250 µg/mL) at three incubation time periods (24h, 48h, and 72h). Colonies obtained at various concentrations and time intervals were subjected to metabolomic analysis using GC-MS.RESULTS: A drastic change was observed in the morphology of K. pneumoniae colonies with the increasing gentamicin concentration. Moreover, K. pneumoniae strains grown at the highest concentration (250 µg/mL) were found tolerant to 1 mg/mL gentamicin (4-folds) and considered resistant strains. A total of 459 metabolites were identified. A sequential down/up-regulation in 4, 3, and 4 metabolites were observed in association with the increasing gentamicin concentration at 24h, 48h, and 72h, respectively. While with the comparative analysis of resistant and sensitive strains, a total of seven down- and sixteen up-regulated metabolites were observed. The concentration of some fatty acids and sugars have been found to increase while, a few metabolites like inosine, tyrosine, 1-propionylproline, and 2-hydroxyacetic acid have been found down-regulated in resistant samples.CONCLUSION: These regulator metabolites might be associated with resistance development in K. pneumoniae against gentamicin and might be helpful in the rapid detection of gentamicin-resistant clinical strains.PMID:36965642 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106436

Bioresour Technol. 2023 Mar 23:128956. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128956. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACT2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) is a valuable building block molecule produced from lignin-derived aromatic compounds by biological funneling. This study aimed to design a fermentation process for producing PDC from vanillic acid, which could be applied at an industrial production. Metabolomic analysis revealed that a high primary metabolic activity within cells was required to improve the production efficiency. Moreover, a medium with ammonium salts and no alkali metals was advantageous because it suppressed the formation of PDC-metal complexes. Our optimized process yielded the highest PDC titer and productivity ever reported: 99.9 g/L and 1.69 g/L/h, respectively. Per batch, 190 g of PDC was produced per liter of initial culture media, and the final liquid volume was 1.9 L. Our study demonstrates the design of fermentation processes for the advanced industrial utilization of lignin by biological funneling. (136 words).PMID:36965585 | DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128956

Life Sci. 2023 Mar 23:121619. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121619. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAIMS: Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by a gradual loss of the muscle mass, strength, and function. It is associated with a high risk of adverse consequences such as poorer quality of life, falls, disability and mortality among the elderly. The aim in this study is to investigate the pathological mechanism of sarcopenia.MAIN METHODS: The aging of skeletal muscle was investigated by the D-galactose induced accelerated aging model combining with constrained motion. After 10 weeks, muscle function and gastrocnemius muscle index, and morphology of muscle fibers were evaluated, and myostatin, IGF-1 and ATP in skeletal muscle were also determined. Then the mechanism of aging-related skeletal muscle dysfunctions was investigated based on untargeted serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four key metabolites were validated by the D-galactose-induced C2C12 senescent cell model in vitro.KEY FINDINGS: Results showed that gastrocnemius muscle mass was decreased significantly, morphology of muscle fibers was altered, and muscle function was damaged in the aged group. Furthermore, increased MSTN, and decreased IGF-1 and ATP were also observed in the aging skeletal muscle. Importantly, alteration of the key pathways including riboflavin biosynthesis and energy metabolism contributed to the aging of skeletal muscle. Four key metabolites, including riboflavin, α-ketoglutaric acid and two dicarboxylic acids, which were involved in these metabolic pathways, could promote the proliferation of C2C12 cells.SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide novel insights into pathological mechanism of sarcopenia, and will facilitate the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for sarcopenia.PMID:36965523 | DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121619

Curr Biol. 2023 Mar 20:S0960-9822(23)00296-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronic sleep loss profoundly impacts metabolic health and shortens lifespan, but studies of the mechanisms involved have focused largely on acute sleep deprivation.1,2 To identify metabolic consequences of chronically reduced sleep, we conducted unbiased metabolomics on heads of three adult Drosophila short-sleeping mutants with very different mechanisms of sleep loss: fumin (fmn), redeye (rye), and sleepless (sss).3,4,5,6,7 Common features included elevated ornithine and polyamines, with lipid, acyl-carnitine, and TCA cycle changes suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies of excretion demonstrate inefficient nitrogen elimination in adult sleep mutants, likely contributing to their polyamine accumulation. Increasing levels of polyamines, particularly putrescine, promote sleep in control flies but poison sleep mutants. This parallels the broadly enhanced toxicity of high dietary nitrogen load from protein in chronically sleep-restricted Drosophila, including both sleep mutants and flies with hyper-activated wake-promoting neurons. Together, our results implicate nitrogen stress as a novel mechanism linking chronic sleep loss to adverse health outcomes-and perhaps for linking food and sleep homeostasis at the cellular level in healthy organisms.PMID:36965479 | DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.008

Aquat Toxicol. 2023 Feb 26;258:106439. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106439. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSulfide is a common harmful substance in sediments, with an especially high risk for deposit feeder organisms. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a typical benthic feeder, and its intestine is the first line of defense and serves as a crucial barrier function. In this study, histological, physiological, gut microbiota, and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the toxic response in the intestine of juvenile A. japonicus exposed to 0, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L sulfide stress for 96 h. The results revealed sulfide-induced intestinal inflammatory symptoms and oxidative stress. Moreover, gut bacterial composition was observed after sulfide exposure, with an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes. Specifically, sulfide increased a set of sulfide-removing bacteria and opportunistic pathogens while decreasing several putative beneficial substance-producing bacteria. The metabolomic analysis indicated that sulfide also disturbed metabolic homeostasis, especially lipid and energy metabolism, in intestine. Interestingly, several intestinal bacteria were further identified to be significantly correlated with metabolic changes; for example, the decreased abundance levels of Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Psychromonas were positively correlated with important energy metabolites, including maleic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, thiamine, butynoic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Thus, our research provides new insights into the mechanisms associated with the intestinal metabolic and microbiota response involved in sulfide stress adaptation strategies of juvenile A. japonicus.PMID:36965428 | DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106439

Talanta. 2023 Mar 21;258:124465. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124465. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCreatinine is a well-stablished biomarker for kidney malfunctions and for normalization parameter of urinary quantitative information. Recently, metabolic studies have been discovering other functionalities for creatinine tests in human urine and blood serum. In this work we present an enhanced capillary electrophoresis (CE) based protocol for determination of creatinine. CE is a high-throughput separation technique that have been getting attention through the last decades and might be considered to be adopted as an analytical instrumentation for clinical purposes. In the proposed method, we performed a short injection program with on-column addition of internal standard. Additionally, the method allows a simultaneous screening of non-proteinogenic amino acids that could be considered for metabolomics purposes. We design a pilot study that successfully estimated the creatinine value in 100 urine samples with (2.85 ± 1.78) mg dL-1 LOD; (8.24 ± 5.93) mg dL-1 LOQ and 82.4% accuracy. Considering that serum creatinine is also included in the clinical laboratory routines for estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate dosage, the method was complementary applied to 10 blood serum samples, which resulted in a model with (0.4 ± 0.2) mg dL-1 LOD; (2.0 ± 0.6) mg dL-1 LOQ and 83.8% of accuracy. All results were in agreement with reference values. The proposed method promotes a great analytical frequency and reproducibility with enhanced specificity compared with the ongoing protocol by Jaffe's reaction, thereby proving to be useful as an alternative for creatinine exams that might help complete a diagnosis of a series of health-related issues.PMID:36965416 | DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124465

Food Chem. 2023 Mar 20;418:135940. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135940. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe unique flavor of Pixian douban (PXDB) is widely acknowledged to be associated with its maturation process. However, there is limited knowledge about the non-volatile metabolites that contribute to this flavor. To bridge this gap, this study employed a metabolomics approach and a feature-based molecular network (FBMN) analysis to investigate the non-volatile metabolite fingerprints of PXDB during its two-year maturation process. Specifically, the FBMN tool was utilized to annotate the flavonoid, amide derivatives, and lipid components of PXDB for the first time. Subsequently, the MolNetEnhancer tool was employed to complement the FBMN annotation and identify eight substructural components. Finally, metabolomics analysis was carried out to identify 45 key metabolites involved in flavor formation across 10 major metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings of this study have significantly expanded our understanding of the non-volatile metabolite fingerprinting and flavor formation mechanisms.PMID:36965392 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135940

Food Chem. 2023 Mar 21;418:135967. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135967. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe current study attempts to illustrate how the chemical and biological profile of white lupine seeds varies throughout the course of various germination days using UHPLC-QqQ-MS combined to chemometrics. Abscisic acid showed maximum level in the un-germinated seeds and started to decline with seed germination accompanied by an increase in the levels of gibberellins which were undetectable in un-germinated seeds. Coumaronochromones were the most prevalent constituents detected in un-germinated seeds while day 2 sprouts showed significant accumulation of flavones. The levels of alkaloids showed significant increase upon germination of the seeds reaching its maximum in day 14 sprouts. The OPLS model coefficients plot indicated that lupinalbin D and F, apigenin hexoside, kaempferol hexoside, albine, and hydoxylupanine showed strong positive correlation to the alpha amylase inhibitory activity of the tested samples while lupinalbin A, lupinisoflavone, lupinic acid and multiflorine were positively correlated to the inhibition of alpha glycosidase activity. The results obtained indicated that seed germination has a profound effect on the chemical profile as well as the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of lupine seeds.PMID:36965385 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135967

Syst Appl Microbiol. 2023 Mar 15;46(3):126416. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126416. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCurrent -omics methods allow the collection of a large amount of information that helps in describing the microbial diversity in nature. Here, and as a result of a culturomic approach that rendered the collection of thousands of isolates from 5 different hypersaline sites (in Spain, USA and New Zealand), we obtained 21 strains that represent two new Salinibacter species. For these species we propose the names Salinibacter pepae sp. nov. and Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov. (showing average nucleotide identity (ANI) values < 95.09% and 87.08% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Metabolomics revealed species-specific discriminative profiles. Sal. ruber strains were distinguished by a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and specific N-functionalized fatty acids; and Sal. altiplanensis was distinguished by an increased number of glycosylated molecules. Based on sequence characteristics and inferred phenotype of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we describe two new members of the genus Salinibacter. These species dominated in different sites and always coexisted with Sal. ruber and Sal. pepae. Based on the MAGs from three Argentinian lakes in the Pampa region of Argentina and the MAG of the Romanian lake Fără Fund, we describe the species Salinibacter pampae sp. nov. and Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov. respectively (showing ANI values 90.94% and 91.48% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Sal. grassmerensis sp. nov. name was formed according to the rules of the International Code for Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), and Sal. pepae, Sal. pampae sp. nov. and Sal. abyssi sp. nov. are proposed following the rules of the newly published Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data (SeqCode). This work constitutes an example on how classification under ICNP and SeqCode can coexist, and how the official naming a cultivated organism for which the deposit in public repositories is difficult finds an intermediate solution.PMID:36965279 | DOI:10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126416