PubMed

Survival strategies based on the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, for the tea plant [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] in long-term drought stress condition. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020 Oct 06;156:484-493 Authors: Zhang C, Wang M, Chen J, Gao X, Shao C, Lv Z, Jiao H, Xu H, Shen C Abstract Tea plants are important economic perennial crops that can be negatively impacted by drought stress (DS). However, their survival strategies in long-term DS conditions and the accumulation and influence of metabolites and mineral elements (MEs) in their organs, when facing hydraulic vulnerability segmentation, require further investigation. The MEs and metabolites in the leaf, stem, and root after long-term DS (20 d) were examined here, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The accumulation patterns of 116 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and nine MEs were considerably affected in all organs. The concentration of all MEs varied significantly in at least one organ, while the K and Ca levels were markedly altered in all three. Most DAM levels increased in the stem but decreased in the root and leaf, implying that vulnerability segmentation may occur with long-term DS. The typical nitrogen- and carbon-compound levels similarly increased in the stem and decreased in the leaf and root, as the plant might respond to long-term DS by stabilizing respiration, promoting nitrogen recycling, and free radical scavenging. Correlation analysis showed several possible DAM-ME interactions and an association between Mn and flavonoids. Thus, survival strategies under long-term DS included sacrificing distal/vulnerable organs and accumulating function-specialized metabolites and MEs to mitigate drought-induced oxidative damage. This is the first study that reports substance fluctuations after long-term DS in different organs of plants, and highlights the need to use whole plants to fully comprehend stress response strategies. PMID: 33038691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Bio-leaching of manganese from electrolytic manganese slag by Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum Y1: Mechanism and characteristics of microbial metabolites. Bioresour Technol. 2020 Sep 11;319:124056 Authors: Lan J, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhan W, Du Y, Zhang TC, Ye H, Du D, Hou H Abstract The related microbial metabolomics on biological recovery of manganese (Mn) from Electrolytic Manganese Slag (EMS) has not been studied. This study aimed at open the door to the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms in leaching Mn from EMS by using waste molasses (WM) as carbon source. Results show Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum Y1 (Y1) could effectively leach Mn from EMS in combination with using waste molasses as carbon and energy sources. For the first time, Y1 was identified to be capable of generating and then metabolizing several organic acids or other organic matter (e.g., fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, glyoxylic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glutaric acid, L(+)-tartaric acid, citric acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, and L-methionine). The production of organic acids by Y1 bacteria was promoted by EMS with the carbon source. This study demonstrated for the first time that metabolic characteristics and carbon source metabolic pathways of Y1 in bioleaching of Mn from EMS. PMID: 33038655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Optimized sample preparation for fecal volatile organic compound analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 10;16(10):112 Authors: El Manouni El Hassani S, Soers RJ, Berkhout DJC, Niemarkt HJ, Weda H, Nijsen T, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ, Knobel HH Abstract INTRODUCTION: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) is widely considered the gold standard of quantitative fecal VOC analysis. However, guidelines providing general recommendations for bioanalytical method application in research and clinical setting are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To propose an evidence-based research protocol for fecal VOC analysis by HS-GC-MS, based on extensive testing of instrumental and sampling conditions on detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy and repeatability of VOC outcome. METHODS: The influence of the following variables were assessed: addition of different salt solutions, injection temperature, injection speed, injection volume, septum use, use of calibration curves and fecal sample mass. Ultimately, the optimal sample preparation was assessed using fecal samples from healthy preterm infants. Fecal VOC analysis in this specific population has potential as diagnostic biomarkers, but available amount of feces is limited here, so optimization of VOC extraction is of importance. RESULTS: We demonstrated that addition of lithium chloride enhanced the release of polar compounds (e.g. small alcohols) into the headspace. Second, a linear relationship between injection volume, speed and temperature, and fecal sample mass on the abundance of VOC was demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of a septum preserved 90% of the non-polar compounds. By application of optimal instrumental and sampling conditions, a maximum of 320 unique compounds consisting of 14 different chemical classes could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may contribute to standardized analysis of fecal VOC by HS-GC-MS, facilitating future application of fecal VOC in clinical practice. PMID: 33037948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Ragweed plants grown under elevated CO2 levels produce pollen which elicit stronger allergic lung inflammation. Allergy. 2020 Oct 09;: Authors: Rauer D, Gilles S, Wimmer M, Frank U, Mueller C, Musiol S, Vafadari B, Aglas L, Ferreira F, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Durner J, Barbro Winkler J, Ernst D, Behrendt H, Schmidt-Weber CB, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Alessandrini F Abstract BACKGROUND: Common ragweed has been spreading as a neophyte in Europe. Elevated CO2 levels, a hallmark of global climate change, have been shown to increase ragweed pollen production, but its effects on pollen allergenicity remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Ragweed was grown in climate-controlled chambers under normal (380 ppm, control) or elevated (700 ppm, based on RCP4.5 scenario) CO2 levels. Aqueous pollen extracts (RWE) from control- or CO2 -pollen were administered in vivo in a mouse model for allergic disease (daily for 3-11 days, n=5) and employed in human in vitro systems of nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and HNEC-DC co-cultures. Additionally, adjuvant factors and metabolites in control- and CO2 -RWE were investigated using ELISA and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS: In-vivo, CO2 -RWE induced stronger allergic lung inflammation compared to control-RWE, as indicated by lung inflammatory cell infiltrate and mediators, mucus hypersecretion and serum total IgE. In vitro, HNECs stimulated with RWE increased indistinctively the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6). In contrast, supernatants from CO2 -RWE-stimulated HNECs, compared to control-RWE-stimulated HNECS, significantly increased TNF and decreased IL-10 production in DCs. Comparable results were obtained by stimulating DCs directly with RWEs. The metabolome analysis revealed differential expression of secondary plant metabolites in control- vs CO2 -RWE. Mixes of these metabolites elicited similar responses in DCs as compared to respective RWEs. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that elevated ambient CO2 levels elicit a stronger RWE-induced allergic response in vivo and in vitro and that RWE increased allergenicity depends on the interplay of multiple metabolites. PMID: 33037672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Downy mildew resistance is genetically mediated by prophylactic production of phenylpropanoids in hop. Plant Cell Environ. 2020 Oct 09;: Authors: Feiner A, Pitra N, Matthews P, Pillen K, Wessjohann LA, Riewe D Abstract Downy mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses in quality and yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy mildew resistance (DMR), a metabolome- and genome-wide association study was performed. Inoculation of a high density genotyped F1 hop population (n=192) with the obligate biotrophic oomycete P. humuli led to variation in both the levels of thousands of specialized metabolites and DMR. We observed that metabolites of almost all major phytochemical classes were induced 48 hours after inoculation. But only a small number of metabolites were found to be correlated with DMR and these were enriched with phenylpropanoids. These metabolites were also correlated with DMR when measured from the non-infected control set. A genome-wide association study revealed co-localization of the major DMR loci and the phenylpropanoid pathway markers indicating that the major contribution to resistance is mediated by these metabolites in a heritable manner. The application of three putative prophylactic phenylpropanoids led to a reduced degree of leaf infection in susceptible genotypes, confirming their protective activity either directly or as precursors of active compounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33037636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Evaluation of the use of untargeted metabolomics in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 09;16(10):111 Authors: Bedair M, Glenn KC Abstract BACKGROUND: The safety assessment of foods and feeds from genetically modified (GM) crops includes the comparison of key characteristics, such as crop composition, agronomic phenotype and observations from animal feeding studies compared to conventional counterpart varieties that have a history of safe consumption, often including a near isogenic variety. The comparative compositional analysis of GM crops has been based on targeted, validated, quantitative analytical methods for the key food and feed nutrients and antinutrients for each crop, as identified by Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). As technologies for untargeted metabolomic methods have evolved, proposals have emerged for their use to complement or replace targeted compositional analytical methods in regulatory risk assessments of GM crops to increase the number of analyzed metabolites. AIM OF REVIEW: The technical opportunities, challenges and strategies of including untargeted metabolomics analysis in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops are reviewed. The results from metabolomics studies of GM and conventional crops published over the last eight years provide context to enable the discussion of whether metabolomics can materially improve the risk assessment of food and feed from GM crops beyond that possible by the Codex-defined practices used worldwide for more than 25 years. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Published studies to date show that environmental and genetic factors affect plant metabolomics profiles. In contrast, the plant biotechnology process used to make GM crops has little, if any consequence, unless the inserted GM trait is intended to alter food or feed composition. The nutritional value and safety of food and feed from GM crops is well informed by the quantitative, validated compositional methods for list of key analytes defined by crop-specific OECD consensus documents. Untargeted metabolic profiling has yet to provide data that better informs the safety assessment of GM crops than the already rigorous Codex-defined quantitative comparative assessment. Furthermore, technical challenges limit the implementation of untargeted metabolomics for regulatory purposes: no single extraction method or analytical technique captures the complete plant metabolome; a large percentage of metabolites features are unknown, requiring additional research to understand if differences for such unknowns affect food/feed safety; and standardized methods are needed to provide reproducible data over time and laboratories. PMID: 33037482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Integrative analysis of non-targeted lipidomic data and brain structural imaging identifies phosphatidylethanolamine associated with epileptogenesis. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 09;16(10):110 Authors: Qiu X, Zhang L, Kinoshita M, Lai W, Zheng W, Peng A, Li W, Yang L, Zhang L, Gong M, Chen L Abstract INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a chronic disease, while epileptogenesis is a latent period where brain will be transformed into an epileptic one. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to provide information of hippocampal lipidomic changes related with epileptogenesis in two kindling models. Combining hippocampal structural imaging indices, our study also attempts to assess biochemical alterations as a function of epileptogenesis in a non-invasive way. METHODS: We constructed two kinds of chemical kindling models, which have long been used as models of epileptogenesis. Two kindling and one control groups were all subjected to structural imaging acquisition after successfully kindled. Voxel-based morphometry, a postprocessing method for brain imaging data, was used to segment and extract hippocampal gray matter volume for subsequent integrative analysis. LC-MS based lipidomic analysis was applied to identify distinct hippocampal lipidomic profiles between kindling and control groups. Further, we regress hippocampal structural indices on lipids to identify those associated with both epileptogenesis and brain structural changes. RESULTS: We report distinct lipidomic profiles between kindling groups and control. A total of 638 lipids were detected in all three groups. Among them were 98 individual lipids, showing significant alterations, in particular lipid class of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), glucosylceramide and phosphatidylcholine. Hippocampal gray matter volumes were found significant different between groups (P = 0.0223). After combining brain imaging data, we demonstrate several individual PE, namely PE(O-18:1_22:3), PE(O-18:1_22:6) and PE(18:1_18:1), are associated with both epileptogenesis and hippocampal gray matter volume. CONCLUSION: This study suggests metabolic pathway of PE might involve in epileptogenesis. Also, for the first time, we link level of PE with structural brain imaging indices, in an attempt to potentiate the futuristic application of noninvasive brain imaging techniques to identify epileptogenesis in its latent period. PMID: 33037443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Altered metabolomic profiling of overweight and obese adolescents after combined training is associated with reduced insulin resistance. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 09;10(1):16880 Authors: Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Lopes WA, da Silva LR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Leite N, Cavaglieri CR Abstract Exercise training and a healthy diet are the main non-pharmacological strategies for treating chronic conditions, such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR), in adolescents. However, the isolated metabolic changes caused by exercise training without dietary intervention have not yet been established. We investigated how combined training (CT) without dietary intervention altered the concentrations of serum metabolites, biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in overweight and obese adolescents. Thirty-seven adolescents (14.6 ± 1.05 years), of both sexes, were randomly assigned to the control group (CG, n = 19) or the training group (TG, n = 18). The CT was composed by resistance training and aerobic training performed in the same session (~ 60 min), three times a week, for 12 weeks. All assessments were performed pre and post-intervention. Metabolomics analyses were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) in a 600 MHz spectrometer. There was a decrease in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), % body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR), by HOMA-IR, in the TG. An increase in fat-free mass (FFM) was also observed in the CG. The metabolic changes were given mainly by changes in the levels of metabolites 2-oxoisocaproate (↓TG), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (↑CG and ↓TG), glucose (↓TG), glutamine (↓CG and ↑TG) and pyruvate (↓TG). These findings demonstrate the positive effects of CT program without dietary intervention on metabolomic profile, body composition, biochemical markers, and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese adolescents. PMID: 33037261 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Hydroxycinnamate Amides: Intriguing Conjugates of Plant Protective Metabolites. Trends Plant Sci. 2020 Oct 06;: Authors: Zeiss DR, Piater LA, Dubery IA Abstract The syntheses of aromatic monoamines and aliphatic polyamines (PAs) are responsive to environmental stresses, with some modulating aspects of plant defense. Conjugation of amines to hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) generates HCA amides (HCAAs), with the conjugates possessing properties from both compounds. Conjugation may reduce the polarity of the resulting metabolite and assist in translocation, stability, and compartmentalization. Recent metabolomic insights identified HCAAs as biomarkers during plant-pathogen interactions, supporting a functional role in defense. The conjugates may contribute to regulation of the dynamic metabolic pool of hydroxycinnamates. This review highlights the occurrence of aromatic amines (AAs) and PAs in stress metabolism, conjugation to HCAs, and the roles of HCAAs during host defense, adding emphasis on their involvement in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and cell-wall strengthening. PMID: 33036915 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolomics of the diabetic nephropathy: behind the fingerprint of development and progression indicators. Nefrologia. 2020 Oct 06;: Authors: Cordero-Pérez P, Sánchez-Martínez C, García-Hernández PA, Saucedo AL Abstract INTRODUCTION: Current diagnostic methods are not very sensitive to detect the initial stages diabetic nephropathy of type 2. In this work, a review of metabolomic approximation studies for the identification of biomarkers of this disease with potential to differentiate between early stages, evaluate and direct treatment and help slow kidney damage. METHODS: Using public (Pubmed and Google Scholar) and private (Scopus and Web of Knowledge) databases, a systematic search of the information published related to metabolomics of diabetic nephropathy in different biospecimens (urine, serum, plasma and blood) was made. Later, the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software was used to identify the metabolic pathways associated with these metabolites. RESULTS: Groups of potential metabolites were identified for monitoring diabetic nephropathy with the available literature data. In the urine, oxide-3-hydroxyisovalerate, TMAO, aconite and citrate and hydroxypropionate derivatives are highlighted; meanwhile, in the serum: citrate, creatinine, arginine and its derivatives; and in the plasma: amino acids such as histidine, methionine and arginine has a potential contribution. Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 the metabolic pathways related to these metabolites were related. CONCLUSIONS: The search for biomarkers to measure the progression of diabetic nephropathy, together with analytical strategies for their detection and quantification, are the starting point for designing new methods of clinical chemistry analysis. The association between the metabolic pathway dysfunction could be useful for the overall assessment of the treatment and clinical follow-up of this disease. PMID: 33036786 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

[Application of metabolomics in nanotoxicity]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2020 Sep 20;38(9):712-717 Authors: Zou XX, Wang HJ, Liu LH, Zhang B Abstract As an emerging material with excellent property, nanoparticle has been widely used in multiple fields such as chemical industry, textile, biomedicine, etc., which has caused widespread concern about its potential toxicity in society. Due to the limitations of traditional toxicology technology, the high-throughput methods were urgently needed to assess the potential toxicity of particles at nanoparticle size systematically. Metabolomics has been recognized as an emerging omics technology developed by multidisciplinary combination of modern analytical techniques, biochemistry and bioinformatics, which has been widely used to screened early toxicity potential markers and metabolic pathway by analyzing changes in the types and quantities of metabolites in biological samples such as cells and tissues. This article reviewed the progress and challenges of metabolomics in nanotoxicology research. PMID: 33036542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Effects of Probiotics Administration on Human Metabolic Phenotype. Metabolites. 2020 Oct 07;10(10): Authors: Ghini V, Tenori L, Pane M, Amoruso A, Marroncini G, Squarzanti DF, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Savoia P, Tarocchi M, Galli A, Luchinat C Abstract The establishment of the beneficial interactions between the host and its microbiota is essential for the correct functioning of the organism, since microflora alterations can lead to many diseases. Probiotics improve balanced microbial communities, exerting substantial health-promoting effects. Here we monitored the molecular outcomes, obtained by gut microflora modulation through probiotic treatment, on human urine and serum metabolic profiles, with a metabolomic approach. Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in the study and administered with two different probiotic types, both singularly and in combination, for 8 weeks. Urine and serum samples were collected before and during the supplementation and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and statistical analyses. After eight weeks of treatment, probiotics deeply influence the urinary metabolic profiles of the volunteers, without significantly altering their single phenotypes. Anyway, bacteria supplementation tends to reduce the differences in metabolic phenotypes among individuals. Overall, the effects are recipient-dependent, and in some individuals, robust effects are already well visible after four weeks. Modifications in metabolite levels, attributable to each type of probiotic administration, were also monitored. Metabolomic analysis of biofluids turns out to be a powerful technique to monitor the dynamic interactions between the microflora and the host, and the individual response to probiotic assumption. PMID: 33036487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

An integrative Study Showing the Adaptation to Sub-Optimal Growth Conditions of Natural Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Focus on Cell Wall Changes. Cells. 2020 Oct 07;9(10): Authors: Duruflé H, Ranocha P, Balliau T, Zivy M, Albenne C, Burlat V, Déjean S, Jamet E, Dunand C Abstract In the global warming context, plant adaptation occurs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly described. Studying natural variation of the model plant Arabidopsisthaliana adapted to various environments along an altitudinal gradient should contribute to the identification of new traits related to adaptation to contrasted growth conditions. The study was focused on the cell wall (CW) which plays major roles in the response to environmental changes. Rosettes and floral stems of four newly-described populations collected at different altitudinal levels in the Pyrenees Mountains were studied in laboratory conditions at two growth temperatures (22 vs. 15 °C) and compared to the well-described Col ecotype. Multi-omic analyses combining phenomics, metabolomics, CW proteomics, and transcriptomics were carried out to perform an integrative study to understand the mechanisms of plant adaptation to contrasted growth temperature. Different developmental responses of rosettes and floral stems were observed, especially at the CW level. In addition, specific population responses are shown in relation with their environment and their genetics. Candidate genes or proteins playing roles in the CW dynamics were identified and will deserve functional validation. Using a powerful framework of data integration has led to conclusions that could not have been reached using standard statistical approaches. PMID: 33036444 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Fused Omics Data Models Reveal Gut Microbiome Signatures Specific of Inactive Stage of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Pediatric Patients. Microorganisms. 2020 Oct 06;8(10): Authors: Vernocchi P, Marini F, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Conta G, Del Chierico F, Malattia C, De Benedetti F, Martini A, Dallapiccola B, van Dijkhuizen EHP, Miccheli A, Putignani L Abstract Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between the gut microbiome (GM) and disease phenotype by an integrated omics fused approach. In a multicenter, observational cohort study, stools from Italian JIA patients were collected at baseline, active, and inactive disease stages, and their GM compared to healthy controls (CTRLs). The microbiota metabolome was analyzed to detect volatile- and non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs); the data were fused with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 16S RNA targeted-metagenomics and classified by chemometric models. Non-VOCs did not characterize JIA patients nor JIA activity stages compared to CTRLs. The core of VOCs, (Ethanol, Methyl-isobutyl-ketone, 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone and Phenol) characterized patients at baseline and inactive disease stages, while the OTUs represented by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiacea discriminated between JIA inactive stage and CTRLs. No differences were highlighted amongst JIA activity stages. Finally, the fused data discriminated inactive and baseline stages versus CTRLs, based on the contribution of the invariant core of VOCs while Ruminococcaceae concurred for the inactive stage versus CTRLs comparison. In conclusion, the GM signatures enabled to distinguish the inactive disease stage from CTRLs. PMID: 33036309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/10PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/10PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/09PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/09PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

32 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/08PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

32 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/08PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.