PubMed

Related Articles Simulated microgravity significantly altered metabolism in epidermal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2020 Mar 20;: Authors: Li BB, Chen ZY, Jiang N, Guo S, Yang JQ, Chai SB, Yan HF, Sun PM, Hu G, Zhang T, Xu BX, Sun HW, Zhou JL, Yang HM, Cui Y Abstract Simulated microgravity can significantly affect various cell types and multiple systems of the human body, such as cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle system, and immune system, and is known to cause anemia and loss of electrolyte and fluids. Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) were cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) bioreactor to simulate microgravity. The metabolites of EpSCs were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Compared with normal gravity (NG) group, a total of 57 different metabolites of EpSCs were identified (P < 0.05, VIP > 1), including lipids and lipid-like molecules (51 molecules), amino acids (5 molecules), nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (1 molecule). According to the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot, a VIP > 1 and P < 0.05 were obtained for the 57 different metabolites, of which 23 molecules were significantly downregulated and 34 were significantly upregulated in simulated microgravity (SMG) group. These results showed that SMG has a significant impact on different pathways, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that multiple pathways were involved, mainly the amino acid metabolism pathway, lipid metabolism pathway, membrane transport pathway, and cell growth and death pathways. Thus, the metabolic profile of EpSCs was changed under SMG. Exploring the metabolic profile of EpSCs would be helpful to further understand the growth characteristics of EpSCs under SMG, which will provide a new approach to explore the metabolomics mechanism of stress injury and repair trauma under SMG. PMID: 32198676 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Metaproteomics: A strategy to study the taxonomy and functionality of the gut microbiota. J Proteomics. 2020 Mar 17;:103737 Authors: Wang Y, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Zheng J, Zhou H Abstract The gut microbiota is the largest and most complex microbial community in the human body. Host-gut microbiota interactions have significant implications on health and disease. The development of genome-sequencing technologies, especially the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), has accelerated the study of the gut microbiota. Most gut microbiota studies rely on 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics, but metaproteomics, based on mass spectrometry (MS), provides functional information on the signaling and metabolic pathways in the gut microbiota. This review is intended to introduce different research methods to study the gut microbiota, with a specific focus on the current progress and application of metaproteomics. SIGNIFICANCE: The gut microbiota plays a key role in human health and disease. In this review, different research methods are described and compared in the field of the gut microbiota. Among these research methods, metaproteomics reveals the taxonomy and functionality of the gut microbiota, especially the functional pathways associated with diseases. Thus, the current progress and application of metaproteomics are summarized, in order to enhance a comprehensive depiction of metaproteomics. PMID: 32198072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Introduction of a New Method for Two-Dimensional NMR Quantitative Analysis in Metabolomics Studies. Anal Biochem. 2020 Mar 17;:113692 Authors: Jiang L, Howlett K, Patterson K, Wang B Abstract NMR is one of the most important platforms for metabolomic studies. Though 2D NMR has been applied in metabolomics, most applications have mainly focused on metabolite identification whilst limitations causing a bottle-neck for applying high-throughput 2D NMR data for quantity related statistical analysis lies on the data interpretation methods. In this study, instead of using the traditional methods of calculating the 2D NMR data to search for the important features, a new procedure, which applies the high-resolution 1D NMR metabolites chemical shift range to filter the 2D NMR data, was developed. This new method was demonstrated using both a mixture of standard metabolites and a case study on plant extracts using 2D non-uniform sampling (NUS) total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) data. As a result, our method successfully filtered out the important features with a high success rate, and the extracted peaks showed high linearity between the calculated intensities and the concentrations of metabolites from a range of 0.05 mM to 2 mM. The method was successfully applied to a metabolomics case study which included 18 Begonia samples that showed excellent peak extractions. In summary, our study has provided a practical new 2D NMR data extraction method for use in future metabolomics studies. PMID: 32198012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles A Vision for Exposome Epidemiology: The Pregnancy Exposome in Relation to Breast Cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies. Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Mar 17;: Authors: Jones DP, Cohn BA Abstract Etiology of complex diseases, such as breast cancer, involves multiple genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. Gene sequencing enabled detection of genetic risks with relatively small effect size, and high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to provide omics level data for exposures is poised to do the same for environmental epidemiology. Coupling HRM to the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS) cohort combines two unique resources to create a prototype for exposome epidemiology, in which omics scale measures of exposure are used for study of distribution and determinants of health and disease. Using this approach, exposures and biologic responses during pregnancy have been linked to breast cancer in the CHDS. With improved chemical coverage and extension to larger populations and other disease processes, development of exposome epidemiology portends discovery of new disease-associated environment factors with small effect size as well as new capabilities to disentangle these from behavioral and other risk factors. PMID: 32197999 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Preoperative plasma biomarkers associated with atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Feb 19;: Authors: Li XY, Hou HT, Chen HX, Liu XC, Wang J, Yang Q, He GW Abstract OBJECTIVES: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. This prospective study aimed to investigate predisposition of proteins and metabolites correlated to POAF after CABG and related cellular pathways. METHODS: Preoperative plasma samples from patients undergoing CABG procedures were prospectively collected. After CABG, the patients were grouped to POAF or sinus rhythm (N = 170; n = 90 in the discovery set and n = 80 in the validation set). The plasma samples were analyzed using proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics to identify the differential proteins and differential metabolites. The correlation between differential proteins and POAF was also investigated by multivariable regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic analysis. RESULTS: In the POAF(+) group, 29 differential proteins and 61 differential metabolites were identified compared with the POAF(-) group. The analysis of integrated omics revealed that preoperative alteration of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and glutathione metabolism pathways increased the susceptibility of POAF after CABG. There was a correlation between plasma levels of apolipoprotein-C3, phospholipid transfer protein, glutathione peroxidase 3, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and POAF. CONCLUSIONS: The present study for first time at multi-omics levels explored the mechanism of POAF and validated the results in a new cohort of patients, suggesting preexisting differential proteins and differential metabolites in the plasma of patients prone to POAF after CABG. Dysregulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and glutathione metabolism pathways related to metabolic remodeling and redox imbalance-associated electrical remodeling may play a key role in the pathogenesis of POAF. Lower plasma phospholipid transfer protein, apolipoprotein-C3, higher cholesteryl ester transfer protein and glutathione peroxidase 3 levels are linked with POAF. These proteins/metabolites may be developed as biomarkers to predict POAF. PMID: 32197906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Qualitative analysis of surgical smoke produced during burn operations. Burns. 2020 Mar 17;: Authors: Markowska M, Krajewski A, Maciejewska D, Jeleń H, Kaczmarek M, Stachowska E Abstract Burned tissue is necrotic and it is surrounded by a zone of stasis and hyperaemia with changed cell metabolism. The removal of burned tissue using an electric knife releases large amounts of surgical smoke. The aim of the research was to analyse volatile, nonpolar, organic compounds that are released during the excision of burned tissue using an electric knife (mono- and bipolar). The study includes analysis from 40 solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres, exposed during 10 interventions (6 escharotomy and 4 necrectomy). The analysis of volatile compounds was performed using mass spectrometry gas chromatography (GCxGC-ToFMS).The total analysis covered 432 compounds, whereas after the removal of the "background" compounds - 153 volatile organic substances remained. The analysis of surgical smoke showed that, including derivatives, benzene constituted as much as 17.65% of all of the studied compounds. Cyclic compounds constituted on average 22.5% of the analysed substances, out of which cycloheptatrien constituted 20.26%. Alkanes, alcohols and their derivatives constituted nearly 25% of volatile organic compounds, with chloromethane constituting as much as 13.7%. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences between escharotomy and necrectomy patients (F(1.9) = 5.91, p = 0.007).Our study revealed the presence of complex toxic hydrocarbon derivatives in surgical smoke. We also observed that the content of surgical smoke is different depending on the type of the conducted intervention. So far, no studies focusing on hazards posed by surgical smoke that is released during the resection of burned tissue are in the literature. PMID: 32197792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Topical treatment with SPHINGOLIPIDS and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS for canine atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res. 2020 Mar 20;16(1):92 Authors: Marsella R, Segarra S, Ahrens K, Alonso C, Ferrer L Abstract BACKGROUND: Skin barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD). This impairment is related to altered composition and metabolism of epidermal sphingolipids and a deficiency of ceramides. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and especially hyaluronic acid, could be useful in the management of AD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel topical treatment consisting of sphingolipids and GAGs extracts in dogs with AD. This formulation is different from previously tested products because the sphingolipid extract contained high amounts of sphingomyelin, a precursor of ceramides, and this has been shown to enhance endogenous synthesis of ceramides and to increase lamellar-related structures in vitro. Thus, it was hypothesized that this formulation could improve clinical disease and skin barrier function in patients with AD. RESULTS: Twelve house dust mite (HDM) allergic atopic beagle dogs were randomized into two groups: control (n = 6; no treatment) or treatment (n = 6; topical sphingolipids and GAGs twice weekly for 8 weeks). Dogs were challenged with allergen twice weekly and the severity of dermatitis was scored using the canine atopic dermatitis and extent severity index (CADESI-03) once weekly. Skin barrier function (measurement of transepidermal water loss) and severity of pruritus (both pruritus visual analog scale [PVAS] and pruritus timed episodes) were assessed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Assessments were done by personnel unaware of group allocation. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry and stratum corneum (SC) lipidomics analyses were done at baseline and at week 8. Compared to baseline, significant increases in CADESI (P = 0.0003) and PVAS (P = 0.041) were observed only in the control group, and SC polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly only with treatment (P = 0.039). Compared to control, treatment group had a significantly lower CADESI after 1 week (P = 0.0078) and a significantly lower PVAS after 8 weeks (P = 0.0448). Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In this study in dogs with AD, a new topical formulation containing sphingomyelin-rich sphingolipids plus GAGs extracts attenuated the clinical worsening induced by HDM, supporting its use in atopic patients, either as an adjunctive treatment or used as monotherapy in certain cases. PMID: 32197613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles The Metabolic Changes of Artesunate and Ursolic Acid on Syrian Golden Hamsters Fed with the High-Fat Diet. Molecules. 2020 Mar 18;25(6): Authors: Pu S, Liu Y, Liang S, Liu P, Qian H, Wu Q, Wang Y Abstract Artesunate was well known as an antimalarial drug. Our previous research found that it has hypolipidemia effects in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet, especially combined with ursolic acid. In this study, we reconfirmed the lipid-lowering effect of artesunate and ursolic acid in hamsters and analyzed the metabolic changes using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). Compared with the model group, a variety of different metabolites of artesunate and ursolic acid, alone or in combination, were found and confirmed. These differential metabolites, including fatty acids, lipids, and amino acids, were involved in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. It indicated that two agents of artesunate and ursolic acid could attenuate or normalize the metabolic transformation on these metabolic pathways. PMID: 32197531 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles A Comparative Study on Processed Panax ginseng Products Using HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics. Molecules. 2020 Mar 18;25(6): Authors: Yoon D, Shin WC, Lee YS, Kim S, Baek NI, Lee DY Abstract Panax ginseng is processed to diversify efficacy. Four processed ginsengs containing white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening overall primary metabolites. There were significant differences in the sugar content among these four processed ginseng products. WG had a high sucrose content, TG had a high maltose content, and BG had high fructose and glucose content. In the multivariate analyses of NMR spectra, the PCA score plot showed significant discrimination between the four processed ginsengs. For effective clustering, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) with a 1:1 comparison were conducted and all OPLS models were validated using the permutation test, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). All OPLS-DA score plots showed clear separations of processed ginseng products, and sugars such as sucrose and fructose mainly contributed to these separations. PMID: 32197517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 18;12(3): Authors: Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mariné-Casadó R, Gil Cardoso K, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Baselga-Escudero L Abstract The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients. PMID: 32197513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

23 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/21PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/20PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

26 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/19PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

38 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/18PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

38 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/18PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

33 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/17PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

33 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/03/17PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

UHPLC Q-Exactive MS-based spleen metabolomics and lipidomics to explore the effect mechanisms of Danggui Buxue Decoction in anemia mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020 Mar 05;185:113234 Authors: Liu Y, Li X, Li A, Li K, Qin X Abstract Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often used to treat anemia in China. However, its underlying therapeutic mechanism is unclear. Through the analysis of body weight, spleen and thymus indexes, peripheral blood routine and pathological section of femur, it was obviously that DBD could significantly improve acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) + cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced anemia mice in the present work. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole - Exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Exactive MS) based metabolomics and lipidomics was further utilized to screen out differential spleen metabolites associated with DBD treatment. A total of 26 differential metabolites including 8 polar metabolites and 18 lipids were firstly obtained to relate with anemia mice. 7 polar metabolites and 10 lipids among them were reversed by DBD, which the regulation of pyrimidine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were mainly associated to the anti-anemia effect of DBD based on MetaboAnalyst analysis. Through random forest analysis (RF), ROC analysis and pearson matrix correlation, three metabolites, cytosine, uracil and PC (o-16:1(9Z)/20:0), were further screened out as the potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers associated with the efficacy of DBD. This study provided a methodological reference for the study of the mechanism of TCM. PMID: 32171146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Chitosan-triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodelling of the plant metabolome and proteome. Plant J. 2020 Mar 14;: Authors: Narula K, Elagamey E, Abdellatef MAE, Sinha A, Ghosh S, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S Abstract Pathogen/microbe associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) initiate complex defense responses by reorganizing the biomolecular dynamics of the host cellular machinery. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a physical scaffold that prevents recognition and entry of phyto-pathogens, while guard cells perceive and integrate signals metabolically. Although chitosan is known MAMP implicated in plant defense, the precise mechanism of chitosan-triggered immunity (CTI) remains unknown. Here, we show how chitosan imparts immunity against fungal disease. Morpho-histological examination revealed stomatal closure accompanied by reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as early responses in chitosan-treated seedlings upon vascular fusariosis. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed ECM fortification leading to oligosaccharide signaling, as documented by increased galactose, pectin and associated secondary metabolites. Multiomics approach using quantitative ECM proteomics and metabolomics identified 325 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive proteins (CTIRPs) notably novel ECM structural proteins, LYM2 and receptor-like kinases, and 65 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive metabolites (CTIRMs), including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty alcohols, organic and amino acids. Identified proteins and metabolites are linked to ROS production, stomatal movement, root nodule development and root architecture coupled with oligosaccharide signaling that leads to Fusarium resistance. The cumulative data demonstrate that ROS, NO and eATP govern CTI, in addition to induction of PR proteins, CAZymes and PAL activities, besides accumulation of phenolic compounds downstream of CTI. The immune-related correlation network identified functional hubs in the CTI pathway. Altogether, these shifts led to the discovery of chitosan-responsive networks that cause significant ECM and guard cell remodeling and translate ECM cues into cell fate decisions during fusariosis. Supporting Information. PMID: 32170889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Exploring the diversity of sugar compounds in healthy, prediabetic and diabetic volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020 Mar 13;:e1901190 Authors: Mack CI, Ferrario PG, Weinert CH, Egert B, Hoefle AS, Lee YM, Skurk T, Kulling SE, Daniel H Abstract SCOPE: Diabetes is thought to primarily represent a disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism; however, population studies employing metabolomics have mainly identified plasma amino acids and lipids, or their products, as biomarkers. In this pilot study, we aimed to analyze a wide spectrum of sugar compounds in fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy, prediabetic and type 2 diabetic volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS: The three volunteer groups underwent a standard OGTT. Plasma samples obtained in fasting state and 30 and 90 min after the OGTT were subjected to semitargeted GC-MS sugar profiling. Overall, 40 sugar compounds were detected in human plasma, of which some were so far unknown to change during an OGTT. Several sugar compounds (i.a. trehalose) revealed significant differences between the volunteer groups both in fasting plasma and in distinct time courses after the OGTT. Thus, suggesting an endogenous production from orally absorbed glucose and/or an insulin-dependent production/removal from plasma. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that more sugar compounds than expected can be found in human plasma. Since some of these show characteristic differences depending on health status, it may be worthwhile to assess their usability as biomarkers for diagnosing early stage insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 32170825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]