PubMed

J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Aug 5. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02339. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFungicides undergo rapid metabolism and are excreted in the urine. There are few methods for screening these ubiquitous compounds, which have a high potential for human exposure. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a suitable technique to assess fungicide exposures; however, there is a lack of spectral libraries for fungicide annotation and in particular for downstream metabolites. We created spectral libraries for 32 fungicides for suspect screening. Fungicide standards were administered to mice, and 24-h urine was analyzed using hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Suspect metabolite MS2 spectra for library creation were selected based on the ratio of exposed-to-control mouse urine. MS2 libraries were applied to urine collected from female university students (n = 73). Several tetraconazole and tebuconazole metabolites were detected in 3% (2/73) of the samples. The creation of comprehensive suspect screening MS2 libraries is a useful tool to detect fungicide exposure for human biomonitoring.PMID:39101478 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02339

Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 19;15:1403166. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1403166. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The gut microbiome plays a key role in the formation of livestock and poultry traits via serum metabolites, and empirical evidence has indicated these traits are sex-linked.METHODS: We examined 106 chickens (54 male chickens and 52 female chickens) and analyzed cecal content samples and serum samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, respectively.RESULTS: The cecal microbiome of female chickens was more stable and more complex than that of the male chickens. Lactobacillus and Family XIII UCG-001 were enriched in male chickens, while Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Blautia, unclassified_Anaerovoraceae, Romboutsia, Lachnoclostridium, and norank_Muribaculaceae were enriched in female chickens. Thirty-seven differential metabolites were identified in positive mode and 13 in negative mode, showing sex differences. Sphingomyelin metabolites possessed the strongest association with cecal microbes, while 11β-hydroxytestosterone showed a negative correlation with Blautia.CONCLUSION: These results support the role of sexual dimorphism of the cecal microbiome and metabolome and implicate specific gender factors associated with production performance in chickens.PMID:39101039 | PMC:PMC11294938 | DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1403166

iScience. 2024 Jun 24;27(7):110374. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110374. eCollection 2024 Jul 19.ABSTRACTTotal plasma protein N-glycosylation (TPNG) changes are a hallmark of many diseases. Here, we analyzed the TPNG of 169 COVID-19 patients and 12 healthy controls, using mass spectrometry, resulting in the relative quantification of 85 N-glycans. We found a COVID-19 N-glycomic signature, with 59 glycans differing between patients and controls, many of them additionally differentiating between severe and mild COVID-19. Tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans were increased in patients, showing additionally elevated levels of antennary α2,6-sialylation. Conversely, bisection of di-antennary, core-fucosylated, nonsialylated glycans was low in COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, potentially driven by the previously observed low levels of bisection on antibodies of severely diseased COVID-19 patients. These glycomic changes point toward systemic changes in the blood glycoproteome, particularly involvement of acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulins and the complement cascade. Further research is needed to dissect glycosylation changes in a protein- and site-specific way to obtain specific functional leads.PMID:39100929 | PMC:PMC11294702 | DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110374

Front Chem. 2024 Jul 17;12:1373535. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1373535. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTCharacterization of botanical extracts by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis helps in determining the phytochemical composition that underlies their bioactivity and potential health benefits, while also supporting reproducibility of effects in clinical trials. The quantification of seven withanolides in Withania somnifera using three mass-spectrometry methods was evaluated using Deming regression. Two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods were used, one operating in data-dependent acquisition mode and the other in parallel-reaction-monitoring mode with an inclusion list. The two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods were compared to a multiple-reaction-monitoring method. We evaluated in-source fragmentation of steroidal glycosides and optimized the methods accordingly. A novel software approach to integrating parallel-reaction-monitoring data acquired with an inclusion list was developed. Combining and comparing quantitative results allowed for quantitative specificity, good precision, and adjustment of instrument source conditions for optimal quantification by multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry, an analytical method that is widely accessible in analytical and phytochemical laboratories.PMID:39100918 | PMC:PMC11294917 | DOI:10.3389/fchem.2024.1373535

Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2024 Jul;30(7):1185-1208. doi: 10.1007/s12298-024-01480-3. Epub 2024 Jul 3.ABSTRACTHeat stress presents unique challenges compared to other environmental stressors, as predicting crop responses and understanding the mechanisms for heat tolerance are complex tasks. The escalating impact of devastating climate changes heightens the frequency and intensity of heat stresses, posing a noteworthy threat to global agricultural productivity, especially in rice-dependent regions of the developing world. Humidity has been demonstrated to negatively affect rice yields worldwide. Plants have evolved intricate biochemical adaptations, involving intricate interactions among genes, proteins, and metabolites, to counter diverse external signals and ensure their survival. Modern-omics technologies, encompassing transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, have revolutionized our comprehension of the intricate biochemical and cellular shifts that occur in stressed agricultural plants. Integrating these multi-omics approaches offers a comprehensive view of cellular responses to heat stress and other challenges, surpassing the insights gained from multi-omics analyses. This integration becomes vital in developing heat-tolerant crop varieties, which is crucial in the face of increasingly unpredictable weather patterns. To expedite the development of heat-resistant rice varieties, aiming at sustainability in terms of food production and food security globally, this review consolidates the latest peer-reviewed research highlighting the application of multi-omics strategies.PMID:39100874 | PMC:PMC11291831 | DOI:10.1007/s12298-024-01480-3

ACS Omega. 2024 Jul 16;9(30):32651-32661. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01796. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.ABSTRACTDrought stress impacts soybean yields and physiological processes. However, the insertion of the activated form of the AtAREB1 gene in the soybean cultivar BR16, which is sensitive to water deficit, improved the drought response of the genetically modified plants. Thus, in this study, we used 1H NMR in solution and solid-state NMR to investigate the response of genetically modified soybean overexpressing AtAREB1 under water deficiency conditions. We achieved that drought-tolerant soybean yields high content of amino acids isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, proline, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine after 12 days of drought stress conditions, as compared to drought-sensitive soybean under the same conditions. Specific target compounds, including sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, were identified as involved in controlling sensitive soybean during the vegetative stage. Solid-state NMR was used to study the impact of drought stress on starch and cellulose contents in different soybean genotypes. The findings provide insights into the metabolic adjustments of soybean overexpressing AREB transcription factors in adapting to dry climates. This study presents NMR techniques for investigating the metabolome of transgenic soybean plants in response to the water deficit. The approach allowed for the identification of physiological and morphological changes in drought-resistant and drought-tolerant soybean tissues. The findings indicate that drought stress significantly alters micro- and macromolecular metabolism in soybean plants. Differential responses were observed among roots and leaves as well as drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars, highlighting the complex interplay between overexpressed transcription factors and drought stress in soybean plants.PMID:39100338 | PMC:PMC11292650 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.4c01796

ACS Omega. 2024 Jul 17;9(30):32873-32880. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03626. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.ABSTRACTThe most prevalent comorbidity among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD has been linked to one of the worse clinical outcomes and a higher mortality. Improved clinical results have been related to earlier diagnosis and treatment of CFRD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the metabolome of human serum of patients with CFRD. This might aid in identifying novel biomarkers linked with the pathophysiology of CFRD and its diagnosis. The liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) metabolomics approach was utilized for serum samples from patients with CF (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 36). Nine patients in the CF group had CFRD, and 27 were non-CFRD patients (nCFRD). A total of 2328 metabolites were significantly altered in CF compared with the healthy control. Among those, 799 significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified between CFRD and nCFRD. Arachidonic acid (AA), ascorbate, and aldarate metabolism were the most common metabolic pathways dysregulated in CF. l-Homocysteic acid (l-HCA) levels were significantly reduced in CF and CFRD compared to the control and nCFRD, respectively. In addition, gamma-glutamylglycine and l-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) had the highest discrimination between CFRD and nCFRD with AUC (0.716 and 0.683, respectively). These biomarkers might serve as diagnostic biomarkers and aid in understanding potential metabolic changes linked to CF and CFRD.PMID:39100315 | PMC:PMC11292812 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.4c03626

Food Chem X. 2024 Jul 5;23:101625. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101625. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.ABSTRACTCherry kernels are a by-product of cherries that are usually discarded, leading to waste and pollution. In this study, the chemical composition of 21 batches of cherry kernels from two different cherry species was analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. The in vitro antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of these kernel extracts were also determined, and a correlation analysis was conducted between differential compounds and biological activity. A total of 49 differential compounds were screened. The kernels of Prunus tomentosa were found to have significantly higher total phenol, total flavonoid content, and biological activity than those of Prunus pseudocerasus (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that flavonoids had the greatest contribution to biological activity. The study suggests that both species of cherry kernel, particularly Prunus tomentosa, could be a potential source of bioactive compounds that could be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.PMID:39100251 | PMC:PMC11296007 | DOI:10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101625

Food Chem X. 2024 Jul 3;23:101619. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101619. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.ABSTRACTThere is very little information on the impacts of pre/post-harvest stresses on oilseeds. Individual and combined insect (pre-harvest) and heat stress (post-harvest) impacts on the metabolic profile of camellia oilseeds (COs) were investigated using a combination of widely-targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology. A total of 1875 metabolites were identified. In response to individual and combined stresses, 169 (insect),149 (heat), and 21 (insect + heat) metabolites were screened as differential metabolic markers (DEMs), Terpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids are the most impacted metabolite species, accounting for almost 49% of total DEMs. Then network pharmacological analysis identifies 98 key active ingredients (AIs) in CO. A single stress may induce CO to impede cardiovascular system function, but the combined stress induced AI-promoting effects of CO in the urinary system. The individual and combined perturbed biological mechanisms were related to the flavonoid biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites pathway, respectively.PMID:39100249 | PMC:PMC11295998 | DOI:10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101619

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 18;15:1393140. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393140. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTThe Poaceae family, commonly known as the grass family, encompasses a diverse group of crops that play an essential role in providing food, fodder, biofuels, environmental conservation, and cultural value for both human and environmental well-being. Crops in Poaceae family are deeply intertwined with human societies, economies, and ecosystems, making it one of the most significant plant families in the world. As the major reservoirs of essential nutrients, seed grain of these crops has garnered substantial attention from researchers. Understanding the molecular and genetic processes that controls seed formation, development and maturation can provide insights for improving crop yield, nutritional quality, and stress tolerance. The diversity in photosynthetic pathways between C3 and C4 plants introduces intriguing variations in their physiological and biochemical processes, potentially affecting seed development. In this review, we explore recent studies performed with omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics that shed light on the mechanisms underlying seed development in wheat and maize, as representatives of C3 and C4 plants respectively, providing insights into their unique adaptations and strategies for reproductive success.PMID:39100085 | PMC:PMC11295249 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1393140

Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 19;15:1433575. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1433575. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTShading or low light conditions are essential cultivation techniques for cigar wrapper tobacco leaves production, yet their impact on protein and metabolic regulatory networks is not well understood. In this study, we integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms affecting cigar tobacco leaves under shading treatment. Our findings include: (1) Identification of 780 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves, comprising 560 up-regulated and 220 down-regulated proteins, predominantly located in the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and nucleus, collectively accounting for 50.01%. (2) Discovery of 254 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), including 148 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated metabolites. (3) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the mevalonate (MVA) pathway within 'Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis' was inhibited, leading to a down-regulation of 'Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis'. Conversely, the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway was enhanced, resulting in an up-regulation of 'Monoterpenoid biosynthesis', 'Diterpenoid biosynthesis', and 'Carotenoid biosynthesis', thereby promoting the synthesis of terpenoids such as carotenoids and chlorophylls. Simultaneously, the Calvin cycle in 'Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms' was amplified, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. These results suggest that under low light conditions, cigar tobacco optimizes photosynthetic efficiency by reconfiguring its energy metabolism and terpenoid biosynthesis. This study contributes valuable insights into protein and metabolic analyses, paving the way for future functional studies on plant responses to low light.PMID:39100083 | PMC:PMC11294240 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1433575

Eur Heart J Suppl. 2024 Jul 31;26(Suppl 4):iv33-iv40. doi: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae072. eCollection 2024 Jul.ABSTRACTThe primary cellular substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the mechanisms underlying AF onset remain poorly characterized and therefore, its risk assessment lacks precision. While the use of omics may enable discovery of novel AF risk factors and narrow down the cellular pathways involved in AF pathogenesis, the work is far from complete. Large-scale genome-wide association studies and transcriptomic analyses that allow an unbiased, non-candidate-gene-based delineation of molecular changes associated with AF in humans have identified at least 150 genetic loci associated with AF. However, only few of these loci have been thoroughly mechanistically dissected, indicating that much remains to be discovered for targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. Metabolomics and metagenomics, on the other hand, add to the understanding of AF downstream of the primary substrate and integrate the signalling of environmental and host factors, respectively. These two rapidly developing fields have already provided several correlates of prevalent and incident AF that require additional validation in external cohorts and experimental studies. In this review, we take a look at the recent developments in genetics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics and how they may aid in improving the discovery of AF risk factors and shed light into the molecular mechanisms leading to AF onset.PMID:39099578 | PMC:PMC11292413 | DOI:10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae072

Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2024 Aug 5. doi: 10.1039/d4em00159a. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPer-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that are known for their environmental persistence and adverse health effects. This study comprehensively assessed PFAS contamination in the Kamrup region of Assam, India, focusing on its presence in groundwater and associated health risks. The analysis detected 12 PFAS in groundwater samples from both the Kamrup Metro and Rural regions. In Kamrup Rural, Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were prevalent, whereas in Kamrup Metro, PFNA and PFOS were dominant, based on detection frequencies. These findings are noteworthy, as they demonstrate the widespread presence of PFAS in groundwater, a vital source of drinking water in the region. The assessment of PFAS health risks in India involved hazard quotient calculations for different age groups. Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) posed the highest risk, ranking children > boys > men > girls > women. Overall, ∑PFAS had low hazard (HQ: 0.27-0.41). Further, this study assessed PFBS and PFOS toxicity in human kidney epithelial cell lines (HEK293T) cells, revealing that PFBS was more cytotoxic than PFOS. The study examined the metabolomics of HEK293T cells after PFBS exposure, revealing significant alterations in lipid metabolism, particularly glycerophospholipids, potentially affecting cellular function and health. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring PFAS contamination in drinking water sources, especially in regions such as Kamrup, where groundwater is a primary source. Our metabolomics results show significant health effects at the cellular level, raising concerns about the impact of PFAS exposure on human health. This study highlights PFAS contamination in Kamrup, Assam's groundwater and its health risks, providing valuable insights for policymakers and public health management.PMID:39099548 | DOI:10.1039/d4em00159a

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jul;49(14):3887-3893. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240412.703.ABSTRACTIn this study, a mouse model of premature ovarian failure(POF) was constructed by injecting D-galactose(200 mg·kg~(-1)) into the back of the neck for 6 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into a normal group(group N), a model group(group M), and a Qiwei Guibao Granules group(group A, 12.87 g·kg~(-1)). Starting from the 11th day of modeling, group A was treated with Qiwei Guibao Granules by gavage for 32 days, while group M and group N were given equal volume of saline. Metabolomics analysis was used to explore the mechanism of action of Qiwei Guibao Granules in the treatment of POF. The results showed that compared with group N, the group M exhibited decreased wet weight of bilateral ovaries, increased levels of LH and FSH in serum, and significantly decreased levels of E_2 and PROG. After treatment with Qiwei Guibao Granules, compared with the group M, the group A showed a significant increase in the wet weight of bilateral ovaries, a significant decrease in the levels of FSH and LH in serum, and a significant increase in the level of E_2. Metabolomics analysis revealed 55 differential metabolites identified between group N and group M(14 upregulated and 41 downregulated compared with group N) and 82 differential metabolites identified between group M and group A(56 upregulated and 26 downregulated compared with group M), with 5 metabolites showing consistent changes between the group N vs group M. After excluding these 5 metabolites, 77 metabolites that changed after intervention with Qiwei Guibao Granules were focused on. These mainly involved histidine metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, carnosine, 1-methyl-L-histidine, imidazoleacetic acid, choline, L-threonine, beta-hydroxypyruvic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate were the major differential metabolites in these three metabolic pathways. Therefore, Qiwei Guibao Granules may exert therapeutic effects on POF mice by regulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the mouse body.PMID:39099362 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240412.703

United European Gastroenterol J. 2024 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12589. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND AIM: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), age, and obesity are risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aimed to assess the performance of non-invasive tests (NITs) for the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis in high-risk subjects.METHODS: Multicentre cross-sectional study that included 124 biopsy-proven MASLD in more than 50 years-old patients with overweight/obesity and T2DM. Vibration-controlled transient elastography, Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), OWLiver Panel (OWLiver DM2 + Metabolomics-Advanced Steatohepatitis Fibrosis Score -MASEF) and FibroScan-AST were performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. NITs were assessed individually and in sequential/parallel combinations.RESULTS: 35 (28.2%) patients had early MASH and 66 (53.2%) had MASH with significant fibrosis (at-risk MASH). The OWLiver Panel correctly classified 86.1% as MASH, showing an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.77, 0.86, 0.35, 0.85, and 0.36, respectively. Class III obesity, diabetes control, or gender did not impact on the performance of the OWLiver Panel (p > 0.1). NITs for at-risk MASH showed an AUC > 0.70 except for NFS. MASEF showed the highest accuracy and NPV for at-risk MASH (AUC 0.77 [0.68-0.85], NPV 72%) and advanced fibrosis (AUC 0.80 [0.71-0.88], NPV 92%). Combinations of NITs for the identification of at-risk MASH did not provide any additional benefit over using MASEF alone.CONCLUSION: One-step screening strategy with the OWLiver Panel has high accuracy to detect MASH and at-risk MASH in high-risk subjects for MASLD.PMID:39099245 | DOI:10.1002/ueg2.12589

Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 5;14(1):18042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68270-5.ABSTRACTObstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.PMID:39098953 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-68270-5

J Food Sci. 2024 Aug 4. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17281. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on chill-stored seafood are well-documented, while their impact on the metabolic profile of seafood, especially the metabolome of fish flesh, and remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the effects of HHP on the metabolome of chill-stored rose shrimp by conducting multivariate data analysis based on untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance observations. Vacuum-packed rose shrimp samples were subjected to HHP at 0, 400, 500, and 600 MPa for 10 min and then stored at 2-4°C. The microorganism analysis and metabolic analysis were carried out on days 1 and 14. HHP treatment effectively deactivated Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., total Coliforms, and sulfite-reducing anaerobic bacteria. Consequently, HHP treatment significantly reduced the formation rate of decay-related metabolites, such as hypoxanthine, trimethylamine, and biogenic amines, which exhibited significant accumulation in untreated samples. Multivariate unsupervised analyses provided insights into the overall changes in the metabolite profile induced by HHP. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed several pathways underlying spoilage, including pyruvate metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, methane metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, sulfur metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Importantly, these pathways underwent alterations due to the application of HHP, particularly at high-pressure levels. In summary, the results unveil the potential mechanisms of HHP effects on chill-stored rose shrimps.PMID:39098810 | DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.17281

Chem Biol Interact. 2024 Aug 2:111182. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111182. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDepression is a severe mental illness affecting patient's physical and mental health. However, long-term effects of existing therapeutic modalities for depression are not satisfactory. Geniposide is an iridoid compound highly expressed in gardenia jasminoides for removing annoyance. The activity of geniposide against depression has been widely studied while most studies concentrated on the expression levels of gene and protein. Herein, the aim of the present study was to employ non-target metabolomic platform of serum to investigate metabolic changes of depression mice and further verify in hippocampus for analyzing the antidepressant mechanism of geniposide. Then we discovered that 9 metabolites of serum were significantly increased in depressive group (prostaglandin E2, leukotriene C4, arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine (PC, 16:0/16:0), LysoPC (18:1(9Z)/0:0), phosphatidylethanolamine (14:0/16:0), creatine, oleamide and aminomalonic acid) and 6 metabolites were decreased (indoxylsulfuric acid, testosterone, lactic acid, glucose 6-phosphate, leucine and valine). The levels of arachidonic acid, LysoPC, lactic acid and glucose 6-phosphate in hippocampus were consistent change with serum in depression mice. Most of them showed significant tendencies to be normal by geniposide treatment. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that arachidonic acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the main pathogenesis for the antidepressant effect of geniposide. In addition, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 were increased in depressive mice and reversed after geniposide treatment. This study revealed that abnormal metabolism of inflammatory response and glucose metabolism of the serum and hippocampus involved in the occurrence of depressive disorder and antidepressant effect of geniposide.PMID:39098740 | DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111182

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Aug 2:134450. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134450. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlgal polysaccharide is an important food functional factor with diverse bioactive and low toxicity. Previous studies have confirmed Caulerpa chemnitzia polysaccharides (CRVP) have immunomodulatory activity, but the immunomodulatory mechanism of CRVP in macrophages has not been thoroughly explored yet. In our research, we found that CRVP has outstanding immunomodulatory activity in macrophages, which is reflected in promoting cell proliferation, upregulating cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression, and increasing NO and ROS levels. Additionally, the result of joint analysis of untargeted metabolomics showed metabolism played a major role in the immunomodulatory of CRVP and suggested succinic acid was a key metabolite. Further verification indicated that the accumulation of succinic acid in macrophages after administered with CRVP, induced the down-regulation of prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) and up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), thereby enhancing IL-1β expression. Together, the immunomodulatory activity of CRVP in macrophages via succinate/PHD2/HIF-1α/IL-1β pathway.PMID:39098690 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134450

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Aug 2:134203. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134203. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the potential alleviating effect of Epimedium polysaccharide (EP) on intestinal inflammation aggravated by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). P. gingivalis, an oral pathogen, may play a role in intestinal inflammation, highlighting the necessity to explore substances capable of inhibiting its pathogenicity. Initially, in vitro screening experiments utilizing co-culturing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that EP significantly inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and the levels of virulence genes, including Kgp and RgpA. Subsequent mouse experiments demonstrated that EP notably ameliorated Pg-aggravated weight loss, disease activity index, histopathological lesions, and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, evidenced by a reduction in tight junction protein levels. Flow cytometry analysis further illustrated that EP attenuated Pg-induced Th17 differentiation and Th17-related cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis elucidated that EP significantly mitigated Pg-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, enriching potentially beneficial microbes, including Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. The metabolomic analysis provided further insight, indicating that EP intervention altered the accumulation of relevant intestinal metabolites and exhibited correlations with disease indicators. In conclusion, our research suggested that EP holds promise as a prospective therapeutic agent for alleviating P. gingivalis-aggravated intestinal inflammation.PMID:39098669 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134203