PubMed

J Hazard Mater. 2024 Mar 21;469:134108. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134108. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNumerous pesticides pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, jeopardizing aquatic animal species and impacting human health. While the contamination of aquatic environment by flutolanil and its adverse effects on animal in the treatment of rich sheath blight have been reported, the neuro-visual effects of flutolanil at environmentally relevant concentrations remain unknown. In this study, we administered flutolanil to zebrafish embryos (0, 0.125, 0.50 and 2.0 mg/L) for 4 days to investigate its impact on the neuro and visual system. The results revealed that flutolanil induced abnormal behavior in larvae, affecting locomotor activity, stimuli response and phototactic response. Additionally, it led to defective brain and ocular development and differentiation. The disruption extended to the neurological system and visual phototransduction of larvae, evidenced by significant disturbances in genes and proteins related to neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, eye development, and visual function. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the GABAergic signaling pathway and increased levels of glutamine, glutamate, andγ-aminobutyric acid were implicated in the response to neuro and visual system injury induced by flutolanil, contributing to aberrant development, behavioral issues, and endocrine disruption. This study highlights the neuro-visual injury caused by flutolanil in aquatic environment, offering fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying image and non-image effects.PMID:38521039 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134108

Theriogenology. 2024 Mar 16;221:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSemen cryopreservation represents a promising technology utilized for preserving high-quality chicken varieties in husbandry practices. However, the efficacy of this methodology is significantly impeded by the diminished quality of sperm. Metabolites, as the end products of metabolic reactions, serve as indicators of biological processes and offer insights into physiological conditions. In this study, we investigaged the sperm quality and alteration in metabolic profiles during the cryopreservation of Longyou Partridge Chicken semen. Following artificial semen collection, four groups of semen samples were established based on four points of the cryopreservation process (Ⅰ, fresh semen; Ⅱ, semen added extender and chilled at 4 °C for 30 min; Ⅲ, semen added cryoprotectants; Ⅳ, semen gradient freezed and stored in liquid nitrogen). Semen cryopreservation has a negative effect on the percentage of sperm in a straight-line trajectory (LIN), has no significant effect on total motile sperms (TM) or the proportion of sperm with typical morphology (NM). Metabolites were identified using LC-MS technique and analyses including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), Univariate statistical analysis, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were employed to identify metabolites. A total of 2471 metabolites had been identified, with the majority of the list being made up of amino acids and their metabolites as well as benzene and substituted derivatives. Group II exhibits 882 metabolites with significantly elevated abundance relative to Group I, alongside 37 metabolites displaying decreased abundance. In Group III, 836 metabolites demonstrate notably augmented abundance compared to Group II, while 87 metabolites exhibit reduced abundance. Furthermore, Group IV showcases 513 metabolites with markedly heightened abundance in comparison to Group III, and 396 metabolites with decreased abundance. Specific metabolites such as 5-Hydroxylysine, Phosphocholine, and alpha-d-glucose-6-phosphate exhibited a progressive decline during the cryopreservation process, correlating with either dilution and chilling, cryoprotectant addition, or freezing. In conclusion, our investigation systematically examined the changes of seminal metabolome and sperm quality throughout the cryopreservation process of rooster semen.PMID:38521007 | DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.009

Poult Sci. 2024 Mar 8;103(5):103635. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103635. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite the existence of a number of studies investigating the effect of insect meal on the growth performance of broilers, knowledge about the metabolic effects of insect meal in broilers is still scarce. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on the liver transcriptome, the plasma metabolome, and the cecal microbiota in broilers. For the study, 72 male one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into three groups and fed 3 different diets with either 0% (HI0), 7.5% (HI7.5), or 15% (HI15) defatted HI meal for 35 d. Each group consisted of 6 cages (replicates) with 4 broilers/cage. While body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio did not differ between groups, breast muscle weight, carcass yield, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of 5 amino acids were higher in group HI15 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). Indicators of α-diversity (Chao1 and Observed) in the cecal digesta were higher in groups HI15 and HI7.5 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). The abundance of 5 families and 18 genera, all of which belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, in the cecal digesta differed among groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and isobutyric acid in the cecal digesta were lower in group HI15 than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05), whereas those of total and other short-chain fatty acids were not different between groups. Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 70 and 61 differentially expressed transcripts between groups HI15 vs. HI0 and between groups HI7.5 vs. HI0, respectively, (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics identified 138 metabolites, most of which were triglyceride species, being different between the 3 groups (FDR < 0.05). According to this study, dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal has no detrimental impact but increases breast muscle weight and carcass weight in broilers suggesting that HI larvae meal can be recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source for broilers.PMID:38520936 | DOI:10.1016/j.psj.2024.103635

Food Chem. 2024 Mar 20;447:139080. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139080. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTargeted metabolomics combined with chemometrics were applied to investigate the flavor profiles of 4 white tea samples, which were produced from different maturity fresh tea leaves with different withering methods. Mature leaves that underwent novel withering process at higher temperature (28-30℃) and humidity (75 ± 3 %) (MN) were characterized by intense milky flavor. The content of free amino acids, catechins, and soluble sugars in MN were significantly lower than that in the other 3 tea samples, resulting in a sweet and mellow taste with low bitterness. Meanwhile, MN possessed the highest intensity of milky aroma, which could be mainly attributed to the existence of dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone and 2-pentyl-furan as the key volatile substances with coconut and creamy fragrance. These findings provide insight into the substance foundations of milky flavor, and identified leaf maturity and processing method as the determining factors of the milk-flavored white tea (MFWT).PMID:38520904 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139080

Food Chem. 2024 Feb 27;447:138855. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138855. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTYak meat is more popular among consumers because of its high nutritional value, but little attention has been paid to its meat quality, which is affected by different phenology periods grass. We hypothesized that seasonal variations in grass composition influenced the ruminal bacteria community, and eventually affected the meat quality of yaks. This study aims to investigate the relationship of meat quality in grazing yak as well as the key rumen bacteria using targeted and untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA during different phenology periods. The main three altered metabolic pathways in grazing yak, including amino acids biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and fatty acids biosynthesis, were found in the grass period (GP) group compared to the regreen period (RP) and hay period (HP) groups. The GP group had higher concentrations of flavor amino acids (FAA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 compared with the RP group. Correlation analysis results showed that Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with fatty acids and lipid metabolites, which might be involved in lipid metabolism. Pediococcus had a positive correlation with biological peptides, which could be involved in the metabolism of bioactive compounds. In conclusion, grass in different phenology periods was associated with modified amino acids and fatty acids composition of yak meat as well as altered regulation of biological pathways, which was correlated with changes in rumen bacterial communities.PMID:38520902 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138855

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Mar 23:e2308765. doi: 10.1002/advs.202308765. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSerological tests for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies have been widely conducted for the screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic areas. Further risk stratification of NPC can be achieved through plasma lipoprotein and metabolic profiles. A total of 297 NPC patients and 149 EBV-positive participants are enrolled from the NCT03919552 and NCT05682703 cohorts for plasma nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis. Small, dense very low density lipoprotein particles (VLDL-5) and large, buoyant low density lipoprotein particles (LDL-1) are found to be closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Herein, an NMR-based risk score (NRS), which combines lipoprotein subfractions and metabolic biomarkers relevant to NPC, is developed and well validated within a multicenter cohort. Combining the median cutoff value of the NRS (N50) with that of the serological test for EBV antibodies, the risk stratification model achieves a satisfactory performance in which the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.841 (95% confidence interval: 0.811-0.871), and the positive predictive value (PPV) reaches 70.08% in the combined cohort. These findings not only suggest that VLDL-5 and LDL-1 particles can serve as novel risk factors for NPC but also indicate that the NRS has significant potential in personalized risk prediction for NPC.PMID:38520712 | DOI:10.1002/advs.202308765

Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 22;43(4):113996. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113996. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPhysiological dysfunction confers negative valence to coincidental sensory cues to induce the formation of aversive associative memory. How peripheral tissue stress engages neuromodulatory mechanisms to form aversive memory is poorly understood. Here, we show that in the nematode C. elegans, mitochondrial disruption induces aversive memory through peroxisomal β-oxidation genes in non-neural tissues, including pmp-4/very-long-chain fatty acid transporter, dhs-28/3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and daf-22/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Upregulation of peroxisomal β-oxidation genes under mitochondrial stress requires the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49. Importantly, the memory-promoting function of peroxisomal β-oxidation is independent of its canonical role in pheromone production. Peripheral signals derived from the peroxisomes target NSM, a critical neuron for memory formation under stress, to upregulate serotonin synthesis and remodel evoked responses to sensory cues. Our genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches establish peroxisomal lipid signaling as a crucial mechanism that connects peripheral mitochondrial stress to central serotonin neuromodulation in aversive memory formation.PMID:38520690 | DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113996

J Proteome Res. 2024 Mar 23. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00761. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetabolomics is an emerging and powerful bioanalytical method supporting clinical investigations. Serum and plasma are commonly used without rational prioritization. Serum is collected after blood coagulation, a complex biochemical process involving active platelet metabolism. This may affect the metabolome and increase the variance, as platelet counts and function may vary substantially in individuals. A multiomics approach systematically investigating the suitability of serum and plasma for clinical studies demonstrated that metabolites correlated well (n = 461, R2 = 0.991), whereas lipid mediators (n = 83, R2 = 0.906) and proteins (n = 322, R2 = 0.860) differed substantially between specimen. Independently, analysis of platelet releasates identified most biomolecules significantly enriched in serum compared to plasma. A prospective, randomized, controlled parallel group metabolomics trial with acetylsalicylic acid administered for 7 days demonstrated that the apparent drug effects significantly differ depending on the analyzed specimen. Only serum analyses of healthy individuals suggested a significant downregulation of TXB2 and 12-HETE, which were specifically formed during coagulation in vitro. Plasma analyses reliably identified acetylsalicylic acid effects on metabolites and lipids occurring in vivo such as an increase in serotonin, 15-deoxy-PGJ2 and sphingosine-1-phosphate and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present data suggest that plasma should be preferred above serum for clinical metabolomics studies as the serum metabolome may be substantially confounded by platelets.PMID:38520676 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00761

Phytochem Anal. 2024 Mar 23. doi: 10.1002/pca.3348. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Olive oil, derived from the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), is used in cooking, cosmetics, and soap production. Due to its high value, some producers adulterate olive oil with cheaper edible oils or fraudulently mislabel oils as olive to increase profitability. Adulterated products can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals and can lack compounds which contribute to the perceived health benefits of olive oil, and its corresponding premium price.OBJECTIVE: There is a need for robust methods to rapidly authenticate olive oils. By utilising machine learning models trained on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of known olive oil and edible oils, samples can be classified as olive and authenticated. While high-field NMRs are commonly used for their superior resolution and sensitivity, they are generally prohibitively expensive to purchase and operate for routine screening purposes. Low-field benchtop NMR presents an affordable alternative.METHODS: We compared the predictive performance of partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models trained on low-field 60 MHz benchtop proton (1H) NMR and high-field 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra. The data were acquired from a sample set consisting of 49 extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) and 45 other edible oils.RESULTS: We demonstrate that PLS-DA models trained on low-field NMR spectra are highly predictive when classifying EVOOs from other oils and perform comparably to those trained on high-field spectra. We demonstrated that variance was primarily driven by regions of the spectra arising from olefinic protons and ester protons from unsaturated fatty acids in models derived from data at both field strengths.PMID:38520203 | DOI:10.1002/pca.3348

Microb Cell Fact. 2024 Mar 23;23(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12934-024-02358-5.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata is an industrially important strain for ectoine production, with high value and intense research focus. While existing studies primarily delve into the adaptive mechanisms of this bacterium under fixed salt concentrations, there is a notable dearth of attention regarding its response to fluctuating saline environments. Consequently, the stress response of H. elongata to salt shock remains inadequately understood.RESULTS: This study investigated the stress response mechanism of H. elongata when exposed to NaCl shock at short- and long-time scales. Results showed that NaCl shock induced two major stresses, namely osmotic stress and oxidative stress. In response to the former, within the cell's tolerable range (1-8% NaCl shock), H. elongata urgently balanced the surging osmotic pressure by uptaking sodium and potassium ions and augmenting intracellular amino acid pools, particularly glutamate and glutamine. However, ectoine content started to increase until 20 min post-shock, rapidly becoming the dominant osmoprotectant, and reaching the maximum productivity (1450 ± 99 mg/L/h). Transcriptomic data also confirmed the delayed response in ectoine biosynthesis, and we speculate that this might be attributed to an intracellular energy crisis caused by NaCl shock. In response to oxidative stress, transcription factor cysB was significantly upregulated, positively regulating the sulfur metabolism and cysteine biosynthesis. Furthermore, the upregulation of the crucial peroxidase gene (HELO_RS18165) and the simultaneous enhancement of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities collectively constitute the antioxidant defense in H. elongata following shock. When exceeding the tolerance threshold of H. elongata (1-13% NaCl shock), the sustained compromised energy status, resulting from the pronounced inhibition of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, may be a crucial factor leading to the stagnation of both cell growth and ectoine biosynthesis.CONCLUSIONS: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of H. elongata's stress response to NaCl shock at multiple scales. It extends the understanding of stress response of halophilic bacteria to NaCl shock and provides promising theoretical insights to guide future improvements in optimizing industrial ectoine production.PMID:38519954 | DOI:10.1186/s12934-024-02358-5

BMC Anesthesiol. 2024 Mar 22;24(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02492-y.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Preoperative chronic stress (CS) is associated with postoperative brain injury in patients undergoing open heart cardiac surgery. This research is to explore the potential molecular biological mechanisms of brain damage following cardiac surgery in preoperative CS rats by the analyses combining proteomics and metabolomics.METHODS: We constructed the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and cardiac surgery models in adult rats. We proved the brain injury in CUS cardiac surgery rats by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, followed by separating the hippocampal tissue and investigating the potential mechanisms of brain injury by the methods of data-independent acquisition proteomics and untargeted metabolomics.RESULTS: The signaling pathways of glycoproteins and metabolism of amino acids were the main possible mechanisms of brain injury in CUS rats following cardiac surgery according to the proteomics and metabolomics. In addition, the pathways of animo acids metabolism such as the pathways of lysine degradation and β-alanine metabolism may be the main mechanism of cardiac surgery related brain injury in preoperative CUS rats.CONCLUSIONS: The pathways of animo acids metabolism such as lysine degradation and β-alanine metabolism may be the potential mechanisms of brain injury in CUS rats following cardiac surgery. We should focus on the varieties of bioproteins and metabolites in these pathways, and related changes in other signaling pathways induced by the two pathways.PMID:38519946 | DOI:10.1186/s12871-024-02492-y

BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Mar 23;24(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04888-x.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.RESULT: Pepper leaves were significantly blue-purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation. This green-to-purple phenotype change in pepper leaves was due to the expression of different genes. We found that the anthocyanin synthesis precursor-related genes PAL and 4CL, as well as the structural genes F3H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and F3'5'H in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, had high expression under continuous blue light irradiation. Similarly, the expression of transcription factors MYB1R1-like, MYB48, MYB4-like isoform X1, bHLH143-like, and bHLH92-like isoform X3, and circadian rhythm-related genes LHY and COP1, were significantly increased after continuous blue light irradiation. A correlation network analysis revealed that these transcription factors and circadian rhythm-related genes were positively correlated with structural genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Metabolomic analysis showed that delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside were significantly higher under continuous blue light irradiation relative to other light treatments. We selected 12 genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pepper leaves for qRT-PCR analysis, and the accuracy of the RNA-seq results was confirmed.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that blue light and 24-hour irradiation together induced the expression of key genes and the accumulation of metabolites in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, thus promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper leaves. These results provide a basis for future study of the mechanisms of light quality and photoperiod in anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism, and our study may serve as a valuable reference for screening light ratios that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants.PMID:38519909 | DOI:10.1186/s12870-024-04888-x

BMC Microbiol. 2024 Mar 22;24(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03244-1.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Cervicovaginal microbiome plays an important role in the persistence of HPV infection and subsequent disease development. However, cervicovaginal microbiota varied cross populations with different habits and regions. Identification of population-specific biomarkers from cervicovaginal microbiota and host metabolome axis may support early detection or surveillance of HPV-induced cervical disease at all sites. Therefore, in the present study, to identify HPV-specific biomarkers, cervicovaginal secretion and serum samples from HPV-infected patients (HPV group, n = 25) and normal controls (normal group, n = 17) in Xichang, China were collected for microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis, respectively.RESULTS: The results showed that key altered metabolites of 9,10-DiHOME, α-linolenic acid, ethylparaben, glycocholic acid, pipecolic acid, and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid, correlating with Sneathia (Sneathia_amnii), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus_iners), Atopobium, Mycoplasma, and Gardnerella, may be potential biomarkers of HPV infection.CONCLUSION: The results of current study would help to reveal the association of changes in cervicovaginal microbiota and serum metabolome with HPV infections.PMID:38519882 | DOI:10.1186/s12866-024-03244-1

Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 22;15(1):2569. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46763-1.ABSTRACTThe B cell response in the germinal centre (GC) reaction requires a unique bioenergetic supply. Although mitochondria are remodelled upon antigen-mediated B cell receptor stimulation, mitochondrial function in B cells is still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the role of mitochondria in B cell function, here we generate mice with B cell-specific deficiency in Tfam, a transcription factor necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. Tfam conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a blockage of the GC reaction and a bias of B cell differentiation towards memory B cells and aged-related B cells, hallmarks of an aged immune response. Unexpectedly, blocked GC reaction in Tfam KO mice is not caused by defects in the bioenergetic supply but is associated with a defect in the remodelling of the lysosomal compartment in B cells. Our results may thus describe a mitochondrial function for lysosome regulation and the downstream antigen presentation in B cells during the GC reaction, the dysruption of which is manifested as an aged immune response.PMID:38519473 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-46763-1

Anim Biotechnol. 2024 Nov;35(1):2331179. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2331179. Epub 2024 Mar 22.ABSTRACTDespite the significant threat of heat stress to livestock animals, only a few studies have considered the potential relationship between broiler chickens and their microbiota. Therefore, this study examined microbial modifications, transcriptional changes and host-microbiome interactions using a predicted metabolome data-based approach to understand the impact of heat stress on poultry. After the analysis, the host functional enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to lipid and protein metabolism were elevated under heat stress conditions. In contrast, pathways related to the cell cycle were suppressed under normal environmental temperatures. In line with the transcriptome analysis, the microbial analysis results indicate that taxonomic changes affect lipid degradation. Heat stress engendered statistically significant difference in the abundance of 11 microorganisms, including Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcacea. Together, integrative approach analysis suggests that microbiota-induced metabolites affect host fatty acid peroxidation metabolism, which is correlated with the gene families of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), Acyl-CoA Oxidase (ACOX) and Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase (ACAA). This integrated approach provides novel insights into heat stress problems and identifies potential biomarkers associated with heat stress.PMID:38519440 | DOI:10.1080/10495398.2024.2331179

Food Res Int. 2024 Apr;182:114173. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114173. Epub 2024 Feb 29.ABSTRACTWet-type grinder (WG) is a nanofiber technology used to atomize dietary fiber-rich materials. WG-treated okara (WGO) exhibits high dispersion and viscosity similar to those of viscous soluble dietary fibers. Here, we studied the effect of WGO supplementation on obesity and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. WGO intake suppressed body weight gain and fat accumulation, improved glucose tolerance, lowered cholesterol levels, and prevented HFD-induced decrease in muscle mass. WGO supplementation also led to cecum enlargement, lower pH, and higher butyrate production. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) were sequenced to determine the gut microbiota composition of the fecal samples. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA revealed that WGO treatment increased the abundance of butyrate producer Ruminococcus and reduced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Prevotellaceae, which are related to metabolic diseases. Metabolomics analysis of the plasma of WGO- and cellulose-treated mice were conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway was significantly positively regulated by WGO intake instead of cellulose. These results demonstrate that WG is useful for improving functional properties of okara to prevent metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.PMID:38519188 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114173

Food Res Int. 2024 Apr;182:114152. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114152. Epub 2024 Feb 20.ABSTRACTTo determine the unique contribution of the bioturbation to the properties of the medium-temperature Daqu, we investigated the differences in microbiota and metabolic composition using the meta-omics approach. Bioturbation increased the amounts of microbial specie and influenced the contribution of the core microbiota to the metabolome. Specifically, inoculated synthetic microbiota (MQB) enhanced the abundance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while Bacillus licheniformis (MQH) increased the abundance of the two Aspergillus species and four species level of lactic acid bacteria. These changes of the microbial profiles significantly increased the potentials of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of ester compounds. Consequently, both patterns significantly increased the content of volatile compounds and free amino acids, which were 27.61% and 21.57% (MQB), as well as 15.14% and 17.83% (MQH), respectively. In addition, the contents of lactic acid in MQB and MQH decreased by 65.42% and 42.99%, respectively, closely related to the up- or down-regulation of the expression of their corresponding functional enzyme genes. These results suggested that bioturbation drove the assembly of the core microbiota, rather than becoming critical functional species. Overall, our study provides new insights into the functional role of exogenous isolates in the Daqu microecosystem.PMID:38519180 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114152

Food Res Int. 2024 Apr;182:114138. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114138. Epub 2024 Feb 27.ABSTRACTSelecting the primary cells in an optimal state for cultured meat production is a crucial challenge in commercializing cultured meat. We investigated the metabolomic changes in culture media according to passage numbers for indirectly assessing the state of primary cells. Pig skeletal muscle stem cells (PSCs) harvested from the biceps femoris muscles of 7-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, LYD) were used for cell characterization. Fresh media (FM) and spent media (SM) of PSCs during passages 1 to 3 in vitro culture were prepared for metabolomics analysis. SM was collected on the third day of proliferation for each passage of PSCs. Cell characterization analysis revealed that the proliferation rate was highest at passage 2; however, a significant loss of expression of myogenic marker genes was observed at passage 3. Based on metabolomic profiles of culture media, FM and SM groups (SM1, SM2, and SM3) were clearly separated by partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A total of seven differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified from FM and SM for each passage, based on the following criteria: P < 0.05, fold change > 1.5 or < 0.66, and a variable importance in projection score > 1.5. All seven DAMs and their interconnected metabolites might be primarily used as substrates for energy production and most of them were relatively abundant in SM3. Among the seven DAMs, the three potential biomarkers (γ-glutamyl-L-leucine, cytosine, and ketoleucine), which showed significant changes exclusively in SM3, each had an area under the curve value of 1. Therefore, monitoring the levels of these key metabolites in culture media could serve as a quality control measure for cultured meat production by enabling the indirect detection of suboptimal PSCs based on their proliferation ability.PMID:38519170 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114138

Food Res Int. 2024 Apr;182:114197. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114197. Epub 2024 Mar 5.ABSTRACTZhenba bacon is a traditional cured bacon product with a rich history that originated from Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of volatile compound formation and changes in metabolites during the smoking process in Zhenba bacon. Firstly, the sensory properties and physicochemical properties of Zhenba bacon were analyzed. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and nontargeted metabolomics technology were used to analyze Zhenba bacon from different smoking stages. The results show a gradual increase in the sensory acceptance and volatile flavor compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters with the prolongation of smoking of Zhenba bacon. LC-MS analysis identified 191 co-expressed differentially metabolites, with amino acid and lipid metabolism being the main metabolic pathways according to KEGG enrichment analysis. Temporal expression analysis of bacon metabolites at each stage revealed a decrease in harmful steroid hormones such as cortisone and an increase in amino acids and lipid metabolites, such as arginine, lysine, acid, and cholesterol, that contribute to the flavor of bacon. In summary, duration of smoking increased, the amount of flavor substances in Zhenba bacon gradually increased, and the safety and quality of bacon reached the optimal level after 32 days of smoking. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic changes in volatile flavor compounds in Zhenba bacon and establishes a theoretical foundation for quality control during its production.PMID:38519166 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114197

Food Res Int. 2024 Apr;182:114151. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114151. Epub 2024 Feb 22.ABSTRACTTo better understand the functional mechanism of four types of tea (green tea, black tea, jasmine tea, and dark tea) on the quality of stewed beef, changes in quality characteristics, proteomics, and metabolomics were investigated. Adding these four tea types decreased the pH value, L* value, shear force, and hardness of the stewed beef. Among these groups, black tea (BT) significantly improved the tenderness of the stewed beef. They have substantially impacted pathways related to protein oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation, amino acid degradation, and peroxisomes in stewed beef. The study identified that Myosin-2, Starch binding domain 1, Heat shock protein beta-6, and Myosin heavy chain four are significantly correlated with the quality characteristics of tea-treated stewed beef, making them potential biomarkers. Green tea (GT), black tea (BT), jasmine tea (JT), and dark tea (DT) led to the downregulation of 20, 36, 38, and 31 metabolites, respectively, which are lipids and lipid-like molecules in the stewed beef. The co-analysis of proteomics and metabolomics revealed that differential proteins significantly impacted metabolites associated with carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and other nutrients. This study determined the effects of four types of tea on the quality of stewed beef and their underlying mechanisms, providing valuable insights for applying of tea in meat products. At the same time, it can offer new ideas for developing fresh meat products.PMID:38519162 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114151