PubMed

Ultrason Sonochem. 2026 Sep 6;133:108039. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108039. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of ultrasonication (US, 20 kHz at 600 W for 30 min) applied at different postmortem stages, including pre-rigor (0.5 h) and post-rigor (24 h), on beef flavor characteristics during subsequent aging, and further elucidated its underlying mechanisms through integrated metabolomics. Sensory evaluation and electronic nose analyses demonstrated that pre-rigor US treatment significantly altered flavor profiles and enhanced overall acceptability compared with post-rigor US and non-US control (CON) groups. Further analysis revealed that beef subjected to pre-rigor US exhibited the highest abundance and diversity of volatile organic compounds, particularly characterized by 1-octen-3-ol, octanal, and 2-pentylfuran. Furthermore, abundant lipid molecules (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)), along with enriched pathways in glycerophospholipid and nucleotide metabolisms, were typically identified in US-treated beef, particularly pre-rigor US. These critical precursors and metabolic pathways were primarily responsible for the superior flavor performance observed. Collectively, these findings demonstrated pre-rigor US technology as a potential strategy for improving beef flavor profiles during postmortem aging.PMID:42705094 | DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108039

Food Chem. 2026 Sep 2;528:151026. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151026. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn this study, we identified a calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA), designated as MaCAMTA4, and then investigated into its functions in banana fruit during storage at low temperature (6 °C). Transient overexpression of MaCAMTA4 markedly alleviated chilling injury (CI) symptoms whereas silencing of MaCAMTA4 exhibited more severe CI symptoms, while overexpression of MaCAMTA4 reduced the contents of H₂O₂, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and limited the polyphenol oxidase activity during storage at 6 °C. MaCAMTA4 overexpression maintained mitochondrial integrity and promoted autophagy by observation from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Targeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated further that MaCAMTA4 reprogrammed metabolic profiles during storage at 6 °C, as characterized by accumulations of nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates and enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, along with significant enrichments of pentose phosphate pathway and carbon metabolism. Collectively, these results indicated that MaCAMTA4 acted as a positive regulator of chilling tolerance by coordinating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cellular structural maintenance and central energy metabolism in banana fruit during storage at 6 °C.PMID:42705072 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151026

Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Sep 7;189:117383. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2026.117383. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Diabetic wound healing represents a critical global health challenge, with India harbouring over 77 million diabetic adults and diabetic foot ulcer prevalence ranging from 4.5 to 15%. The complex pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and excessive oxidative stress that fundamentally disrupts normal healing cascades. Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate.OBJECTIVE: This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of luteolin in diabetic wound healing through an integrated computational and experimental approach.METHODS: Transcriptomic analysis was conducted on three diabetic wound datasets (GSE80178, GSE134431, GSE199939) using differential gene expression analysis. Swiss Target Prediction identified luteolin targets, followed by the construction of a protein-protein interaction network and molecular docking with 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental validation involved HS27 human dermal fibroblasts with MTT viability assays, flow cytometry-based ROS measurement, apoptosis analysis, LC-MS/MS metabolomics profiling, scratch wound healing assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.RESULTS: Analysis identified 520 common differentially expressed genes among three datasets and PIK3R1 as a candidate therapeutic target through bioinformatics, machine learning and target prediction. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities: PIK3R1 (-9.62 kcal/mol), mTOR (-9.10 kcal/mol), and AKT1 (-8.42 kcal/mol). Treatment with luteolin (25 μg/mL) significantly enhanced cell viability to 130%, markedly reduced intracellular ROS levels (p < 0.001) and promoted wound closure by nearly 40%. Western blot analysis further confirmed the molecular basis of these effects, demonstrating pronounced upregulation of p-PI3K, AKT, NRF2 and Bcl-2 along with concomitant downregulation of GSK-3β and Bax. Metabolomic profiling identified luteolin-responsive metabolites with significant alterations in specific metabolic pathways, including L-leucine and sphingomyelin-related metabolites, were of particular interest given their established association with PI3K/AKT signalling.CONCLUSION: Our study provides a hypothesis linking luteolin to PIK3R1 in diabetic wound-associated dermal fibroblasts, supported by computational, cellular, and metabolomic evidence, and suggests the potential of luteolin as a therapeutic approach for diabetic wound healing.PMID:42705064 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.117383

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026 Sep 5;269:116146. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.116146. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConventional prochloraz (Pro) formulations suffer from poor stability, inadequate leaf deposition, and short persistence. In this work, we developed GA-Pro nanoparticles via ultrasound-assisted self-assembly of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural amphiphile, and Pro. The 125.3 nm spherical nanoparticles, stabilized by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and van der Waals interactions, exhibited acid-responsive release (84.34% at pH 3.0 over 5 days) and enhanced photostability. GA-Pro significantly improved leaf interfacial performance, reducing surface tension to 46.1 mN/m, decreasing contact angle to 73.58 ° within 60 s, and increasing post-rain retention to 1.39-fold that of Pro EW. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated superior antifungal activity (EC50= 0.24 μg/mL) and 96.55% control efficacy, with metabolomics revealing enrichment of metabolic pathways associated with plant defense responses. Biosafety assessments confirmed low hemolysis, high cell viability, and no phytotoxicity. Overall, GA-Pro provides a promising biosafe, acid-responsive nanoplatform for tomato gray mold management.PMID:42704987 | DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2026.116146

Planta. 2026 Sep 7;264(4):117. doi: 10.1007/s00425-026-05130-8.ABSTRACTCombined cold and salt stress antagonizes jasmonate signaling via MYC2 suppression, reallocating resources to flavonoid-based defense and revealing a strategic target for crop multi-stress resilience. Plants are frequently exposed to a combination of abiotic stresses, but the mechanisms governing their non-additive interactions remain largely unclear. In this study, we integrated phenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the interplay between cold and salt stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Unlike individual stresses, which led to progressive damage, the combined stress elicited a pronounced antagonistic effect during a critical 6 ~ 9 h window, characterized by reduced electrolyte leakage (< 40%), a higher relative water content (25 ~ 30%), and attenuated oxidative injury. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that salt stress up-regulated FERL and the master regulator MYC2, involved in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, by 40- and 20-fold, respectively, but these responses were significantly suppressed under combined stress. Further, targeted metabolomics revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside accumulated by a twofold increase to 1.2 μg g⁻1 under combined stress compared to salt stress alone. Functional validation using virus-induced gene silencing of CaMYC2 (78% efficiency) confirmed that MYC2 is essential for this antagonistic protection. Silenced plants exhibited exacerbated wilting, doubled hydrogen peroxide content, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combined cold-salt stress reconfigures defense prioritization by antagonizing JA signaling through MYC2 suppression, thereby reallocating metabolic resources toward flavonoid-based protection. This study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding non-additive stress interactions and identifies strategic targets for enhancing crop multi-stress resilience.PMID:42704485 | DOI:10.1007/s00425-026-05130-8

Metabolomics. 2026 Sep 7;22(5):149. doi: 10.1007/s11306-026-02525-2.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Rice (Oryza sativa) is extremely sensitive to salinity, yet the metabolic mechanisms underlying salt tolerance remains incompletely understood.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we performed leaf tissue-specific untargeted metabolomic profiling of the salt-tolerant introgression line JN100 (JN), its donor parent Nona Bokra (NB), and its recurrent parent Jupiter (JU) to characterize metabolic responses to salt stress.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Comparative analysis identified differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) spanning diverse chemical classes, including amino acids, sugars and carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, cofactors, electron carriers, and nucleotides. Under salt stress (SS), 201 DAMs (89 upregulated and 112 downregulated) were detected in JN relative to JU. Notably, metabolites such as allantoin, glycitin, nicotinamide ribotide, D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, violanthin, L-methionine S-oxide, ribitol, lysine, rutin, glutamine, pantothenic acid, and quinic acid, showed significant differential accumulation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, indicating extensive reprogramming of nitrogen and energy-associated metabolic pathways under salinity stress. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets from the SS experiments further identified ten differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the metabolite network in the JN vs. JU comparison. Among these, OsDHQDT/SDH, OsFd-GOGAT, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, OsP5CS1, OsP5CS2, and a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase were linked to metabolites involved in shikimate, amino acid, and proline metabolism.PMID:42704397 | DOI:10.1007/s11306-026-02525-2

Brief Bioinform. 2026 Sep 1;27(5):bbag473. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbag473.ABSTRACTThe limited genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) poses a significant challenge to the generalizability and equity of biomedical discoveries. Most causal inferences, particularly from high-dimensional phenomes (e.g. metabolomics), are primarily based on European populations, and their applicability to other ancestries remains uncertain. Traditional multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) methods further struggle in high-dimensional and correlated settings due to collinearity and model instability. To bridge this gap, we present a two-step transfer learning framework for high-dimensional MR (TL-HDMR), designed to enhance causal exposure detection in understudied populations. Our approach leverages the Minimax Concave Penalty for asymptotically unbiased estimation amidst exposure correlations. Crucially, we introduce two novel pre-transfer procedures-HDMR.TSD for sourcing beneficial data and HDMR.PRESSO for filtering pleiotropic instruments-to ensure robust knowledge transfer. Extensive simulations demonstrated TL-HDMR's superior performance in ROC curves and mean absolute error over alternative methods. When applied to identify causal metabolites for stroke across multi-ancestry cohorts (European, East Asian, South Asian, and African), TL-HDMR successfully pinpointed both shared and ethnic-specific causal biomarkers, showcasing its unique capability for equitable causal inference. This work provides a powerful statistical tool that not only addresses critical methodological challenges but also promotes inclusivity and fairness in human health research.PMID:42704269 | DOI:10.1093/bib/bbag473

Mass Spectrom Rev. 2026 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/mas.70043. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIdentification of a chemical agent yields insights into its physicochemical properties. By examining the intrinsic characteristics and environment of a compound, information about its history can be gathered. The main objective of authentication/forensic approaches to chemicals is to trace the history of the compound's origin, regardless of its nature (e.g., environmental pollutants, drugs, or toxicants). This review presents several scientific fields that share a common objective: using mass spectrometry (MS) to obtain source information from diverse samples and chemicals. From targeted analysis to the full screening of non-targeted chemical space, direct and coupled MS approaches provide powerful capabilities for addressing source-determination concerns, as described in this review. Novel sampling and ionization methods have proven to have a significant impact on expanding MS applications across diverse sample types. This review covers the main methods for determining chemical origins, ranging from targeted confirmation of known compounds to non-targeted identification of unknown compounds under challenging experimental and matrix-related conditions.PMID:42704243 | DOI:10.1002/mas.70043

Plant Biotechnol J. 2026 Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/pbi.70755. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe metabolome is highly diverse and the closest layer to phenotype; therefore, it is commonly regarded as a bridge between the genome and phenome in plants. Here, we performed large-scale metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 33 grain-related traits in a diverse panel of natural accessions and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. We identified a new network of 2286 associations between 947 metabolites and 33 grain-related traits. Systematic integration of metabolic genome-wide association study (mGWAS) and metabolic quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses identified 33 566 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3128 mQTL. Thirteen annotated metabolites co-localized within a physical interval on 7A. Integration of metabolite-based and phenotype-based GWAS and QTL revealed an overlapped region for gibberellin A4 (GA4) content and grain roundness on 4A. Phenotyping of an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant confirmed the role of TaSDR in regulating GA4 content and grain morphology. These findings provide novel insights into the metabolic pathways influencing key grain-related traits and advance our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms regulating grain metabolites and phenotypes in wheat. The identified metabolic markers and candidate genes provide valuable targets for molecular breeding programs aimed at improving wheat yield and quality.PMID:42704055 | DOI:10.1111/pbi.70755

Crit Care Explor. 2026 Sep 4;8(9):e1473. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001473. eCollection 2026 Sep 1.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: To map and compare the serum metabolome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).DESIGN: Observational matched cohort study using an untargeted metabolomics approach.SETTING: Serum samples were obtained at the time of hospital admission as part of two clinical trials conducted in hospitalized patients.PATIENTS: A matched cohort design was applied, including patients with COVID-19 and CAP, matched according to age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The patient samples were obtained from two clinical studies, namely the suPAR-guided Anakinra Treatment for Validation of the Risk and Management of Respiratory Failure by COVID-19 (SAVE) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04357366; European Union Drug Regulating Authorities (EudraCT) number: 2020-001466-11) and the A randomized clinical trial of oral Clarithromycin in Community-acquired pneumonia to attenuatE inflammatory responseS and improve outcomeS (ACCESS trial) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04724044; EudraCT number: 2020-004452-15). The total study population comprised 92 patients.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 3555 metabolites were detected, and differential analysis recovered more than 70% of the metabolome as altered between conditions. Metabolite pathway analysis highlighted pathways related to the citric acid cycle and arachidonic metabolism as activated in CAP, while COVID-19 was mainly driven by alterations in amino acid metabolism and metabolites related to mitochondrial function.CONCLUSIONS: Extensive divergence was observed in the metabolomic landscape of patients with COVID-19 or CAP, underscoring the disease-specific metabolic adaptations and providing potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic development.PMID:42704050 | DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000001473

Crit Care Explor. 2026 Sep 4;8(9):e1478. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001478. eCollection 2026 Sep 1.NO ABSTRACTPMID:42704032 | DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000001478

Chirurgia (Bucur). 2026 Jul;121(4):383-393. doi: 10.21614/chirurgia.3314.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by late-stage diagnosis and a lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the plasma bile acid (BA) profile to enhance the understanding of GC metabolism and identify potential diagnostic and prognostic tools.METHODS: In a case-control design, 62 GC patients (stages Iâ?"III) and 70 matched controls were recruited. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the concentrations of 48 metabolites in plasma were measured. Statistical analysis included univariate tests, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA).RESULTS: GC patients showed a significantly lower CA/CDCA ratio and alterations in secondary and conjugated bile acids, including TLCA, GLCA, TDCA, GDCA, and GUDCA, suggesting involvement of the gutâ?"liverâ?"microbiome axis. The ability to distinguish between groups was moderate (AUC = 0.731). Furthermore, BA levels were negatively correlated with tumor stage, tumor size, and systemic inflammatory markers (CRP, mGPS), while they were positively correlated with nutritional and hematological markers such as albumin and hemoglobin.CONCLUSIONS: Gastric cancer is associated with a distinct circulating BA profile that reflects not only tumor-related metabolic remodeling, but also systemic inflammation, nutritional status, and disease burden. The reduced CA/CDCA ratio and alterations in secondary and conjugated bile acids support the involvement of the gut-liver-microbiome axis in GC biology. Although BA profiling alone showed moderate diagnostic performance, its integration with conventional tumor markers, inflammatory indices, and clinico-pathological parameters may improve multimodal biomarker panels for non-invasive patient stratification, disease assessment, and future prognostic evaluation.PMID:42703977 | DOI:10.21614/chirurgia.3314

Arthritis Rheumatol. 2026 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/art.70324. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) could be a therapeutic target in various diseases. We sought to investigate its role in lupus nephritis (LN) progression and explore whether targeting BRD4 could serve as a therapeutic approach for LN.METHODS: BRD4 expression in renal cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Inhibition of endothelial BRD4 in mice was conducted by using BRD4 shRNA-AAV targeting endothelial cells (ECs). Mouse lupus models were MRL/Lpr mice. Human glomerular ECs (GECs) coupled with RNA-seq, ChIP-PCR, and protein-protein interaction assays were performed to define underlying mechanisms.RESULTS: BRD4 expression was increased in renal ECs in patients with LN and in mouse lupus models. BET inhibitor NHWD870 treatment greatly improved the features of LN in MRL/Lpr mice as evidenced by reduced lesions, IgG and C3 deposition, immune infiltration, and improved ultrastructural morphology in renal tissues. BRD4 shRNA-AAV treatment robustly ameliorated the hallmark features of LN in Lpr mice including proteinuria, histological and ultrastructural morphology of kidney and IgG and C3 deposition and immune infiltration in kidney in MRL/Lpr mice. Elevated BRD4 led to changes in many pathways linked to LN and promoted permeability and immune responses in GECs, which were associated with its interaction with FLI-1. BRD4 shRNA-AAV treatment attenuated FLI-1 expression in MRL/Lpr mice. BRD4 and FLI-1 were colocalized in renal ECs and FLI-1 expression was elevated in patients with LN.CONCLUSION: Elevated BRD4 in ECs is involved in LN pathogenesis, which was partly associated with its interaction with FLI-1. Targeting endothelial BRD4 could be a therapeutic strategy for LN.PMID:42703787 | DOI:10.1002/art.70324

J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2026 Jun 22;13(2):522-529. doi: 10.5455/javar.2026.m1054. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aimed to characterize the metabolomic profile of colostrum and milk in primiparous Holstein cows subjected to a prepartum diet with a low negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Materials and Methods: Eight primiparous cows were randomly assigned to two treatments: (a) basal diet (n = 4) and (b) basal diet supplemented with 250 gm/day of anionic salts (n = 4), starting 21 days before parturition. Colostrum and milk samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data were log-transformed and evaluated using multivariate (PLS-DA) and univariate (Wilcoxon test with fold change) approaches in MetaboAnalyst 6.0. Results: A total of 34 and 31 metabolites were detected in colostrum and milk, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a visual separation between treatments; however, model validation parameters indicated limited predictive performance. Volcano plot analysis did not identify metabolites with statistical significance (p < 0.05), although several compounds exhibited consistent trends in relative abundance between groups. In colostrum, fatty acids such as arachidic acid and cholesterol tended to be lower in DCAD-supplemented cows, whereas L-glutamate and dodecanedioic acid showed higher relative abundance. In milk, similar trend-level differences were observed in fatty acid profiles between treatments. Conclusions: Prepartum supplementation with a negative DCAD diet was associated with exploratory metabolomic shifts in colostrum and milk of primiparous cows, particularly in lipid-related compounds. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary, and further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the observed patterns.PMID:42703555 | PMC:PMC13546712 | DOI:10.5455/javar.2026.m1054

Food Chem X. 2026 Aug 26;38:104340. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104340. eCollection 2026 Aug.ABSTRACTFlavonoids are important secondary metabolites that contribute to the nutritional quality and sensory characteristics of apricot fruit; however, their variation across cultivars and fruit tissues remains insufficiently characterized. Following an initial survey of total flavonoid content across 123 apricot accessions, four cultivars with contrasting levels were selected for UPLC-MS/MS profiling of the peel and flesh. In total, 760 flavonoid metabolites were identified and quantified, most of which accumulated at higher levels in the peel, indicating that the peel is a major flavonoid-rich tissue in these cultivars. Multivariate analysis identified 35 and 34 key differentially accumulated metabolites in the flesh and peel, respectively. Cultivar-specific differences involved distinct flavonoid classes: 'Luotuohuang' (LTH) was enriched in proanthocyanidin A2*, whereas 'Zixing' (ZX) preferentially accumulated rhamnosylated and acetylated flavonoid glycosides. These findings characterize tissue- and cultivar-specific flavonoid variation and highlight valuable flavonoid resources for apricot breeding and peel by-product utilization.PMID:42703499 | PMC:PMC13546855 | DOI:10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104340

Front Toxicol. 2026 Aug 24;8:1871830. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2026.1871830. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTAccording to WHO data, approximately 57 million people worldwide were affected by dementia in 2021, with prevalence projected to rise. Alzheimer's disease (AD), responsible for 60%-80% of dementia cases, continues to be a leading cause of mortality, with current treatments offering limited efficacy and disease-modifying therapies lacking widespread adoption or conclusive safety evidence, shifting the focus toward prevention and risk modification. Risk factors for AD include both non-modifiable elements, such as age, genetics, and gender, and modifiable factors, like environmental pollution, health status, and diet. While age remains the primary non-modifiable risk factor, early-onset dementia represents only up to 9% of cases. Addressing modifiable factors is essential, as it could prevent or delay almost half of dementia cases, with interventions-such as increased physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol limitation, and overall health management-being significantly associated with a reduced risk. In this context, the exposome approach offers a comprehensive, integrative framework in which both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors interact to influence individual susceptibility. Within the neural exposome, chronic low-dose exposure to xenobiotics-such as industrial chemicals, pesticides, metals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and air pollutants-may induce neurodegeneration via mechanisms including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, proteinopathies, and epigenetic modifications, although establishing causality remains challenging. Integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), provides promising avenues for biomarker discovery, enhanced preventive strategies, early non-invasive diagnosis, and therapeutic target identification by integrating multi-layered biological data with exposure profiles. This review highlights emerging AD risk factors-including PPCPs-underscoring complex, multifactorial nature of AD and exposome, and the requirement for an interdisciplinary research approach, while also addressing several critical research gaps and methodological limitations.PMID:42703487 | PMC:PMC13546809 | DOI:10.3389/ftox.2026.1871830

Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2026 Sep 3;18:1759720X261485407. doi: 10.1177/1759720X261485407. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction may contribute to osteoarthritis (OA), but routine markers for identifying future OA risk remain limited.OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and adiposity-integrated TyG indices with hospital-recorded incident OA, and whether these associations differed by cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data.METHODS: We included 255,232 participants without baseline OA and with complete exposure, covariate, and selected metabolomic data. Baseline TyG, TyG-body mass index (BMI), TyG-waist circumference (WC), and TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were analyzed in quartiles. CMD burden was categorized as no CMD, one CMD, or cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). Hospital-recorded incident OA was identified from linked hospital inpatient records using ICD-10 codes M15-M19. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. Restricted cubic spline, stratified, and joint exposure analyses were performed.RESULTS: During follow-up, 43,554 participants developed OA. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile was associated with a higher risk of hospital-recorded incident OA for TyG-BMI (HR 2.18, 95% CI 2.12-2.24), TyG-WC (HR 2.14, 95% CI 2.08-2.21), and TyG-WHtR (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.94-2.06), whereas TyG alone showed only a weak association (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06). CMD burden was independently associated with OA risk (one CMD: HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29-1.46; CMM: HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.58). Across CMD strata, the strongest associations were observed among participants with CMM, with HRs of 2.05 (95% CI 1.61-2.61), 1.99 (95% CI 1.61-2.46), and 1.97 (95% CI 1.56-2.49) for TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, respectively. No statistically significant interactions were detected.CONCLUSION: Adiposity-integrated TyG indices and greater CMD burden were associated with hospital-recorded incident OA, whereas TyG alone showed only a weak association. Joint-category analyses showed higher observed risk estimates among participants with both characteristics, without evidence of multiplicative interaction.PMID:42703272 | PMC:PMC13546427 | DOI:10.1177/1759720X261485407

OMICS. 2026 Sep 6:15578100261484211. doi: 10.1177/15578100261484211. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent advances in high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and multi-omics technologies have transformed seaweed research by overcoming long-standing challenges associated with complex genomes, diverse life cycles, and limited genomic resources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bioinformatics approaches used to investigate seaweed genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomes, and functional genomics, with emphasis on the computational tools and databases that support these analyses. Applications of bioinformatics in phylogenetics, drug discovery, microbiome characterization, and the development of biofuels, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and sustainable agriculture are also discussed. Particular attention is given to emerging strategies involving multi-omics integration, genome editing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and synthetic biology that are reshaping seaweed research. The review further examines current challenges, including incomplete genomic resources, data standardization, and the need for experimental validation of computational predictions. Collectively, these advances highlight the growing role of bioinformatics in enabling systems-level understanding of seaweed biology and accelerating their translation into sustainable biotechnological and marine bioeconomy applications.PMID:42702999 | DOI:10.1177/15578100261484211

J Sci Food Agric. 2026 Sep 6. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.71054. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTForest berries are valuable bioactive food resources that link plant biodiversity, food quality, nutrition, and sustainable use. Many medicinal forest berries contain anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, lignans, vitamins, and other specialized metabolites that contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiometabolic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and gut-health-related effects. Their composition and functional value are not fixed traits; they are shaped by species identity, forest type, altitude, climate, soil conditions, phenology, and postharvest handling. Changing ecosystems therefore represent a critical challenge for the future use of medicinal berries as functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients. Climate change, habitat fragmentation, land-use change, and unsustainable harvesting can alter berry distribution, fruit yield, phytochemical accumulation, and long-term resource availability. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the diversity, distribution, biochemical composition, and health relevance of medicinal forest berries across boreal, temperate, tropical, Mediterranean, montane, and alpine ecosystems. It also evaluates conservation and sustainable-use strategies, including in situ protection, ex situ germplasm preservation, domestication, community-based agroforestry, environmental DNA monitoring, and field-deployable metabolomic tools. By integrating phytochemistry, food functionality, ecological adaptation, and conservation, this review highlights the need to protect medicinal berry resources while improving their responsible use in food, nutraceutical, and value-added agricultural systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.PMID:42702972 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.71054

Ecology. 2026 Sep;107(9):e70474. doi: 10.1002/ecy.70474.ABSTRACTA fundamental challenge in microbiome research lies in elucidating the functional capacity of microbial communities through community membership and genomic data. As community structuring and emergent functional traits are determined by bacterial community metabolic networks, it is important to gain insights into the principles that govern bacteria-bacteria interactions. Here, we applied an integrative framework linking individual strain-level traits to community structuring in a simplified synthetic bacterial community (SSC8) that promotes the growth of ungrafted watermelon. By combining mono- and coculture assays with genome-scale metabolic modeling and metabolomic profiling of spent media, we characterized directional interactions and resource dependencies among community members. Our findings show that positive interactions dominated the community network, accounting for 55% of all pairwise combinations, indicating a high prevalence of growth-promoting effects among strains. Genome-scale metabolic modeling showed that functional divergence among strains enhanced the potential for metabolic complementarity as phylogenetic distance increased. Integrating metabolic modeling with metabolomics further suggested that Pseudomonas azotifigens Q6 not only benefited from all other community members, but also exhibited mutualistic interactions with the other three strains, with metabolite exchange involving compounds such as L-lysine and L-cysteine. Pseudomonas azotifigens Q6 acted as an important driver of community composition by affecting the abundance of several other consortium members in vitro. These findings highlight the role of metabolic complementarity in driving community structuring by promoting selective persistence of specific strains. Our work provides mechanistic insights into microbial interaction networks in vitro and offers a conceptual foundation for the rational design of functionally robust and plant-beneficial microbiomes.PMID:42702815 | DOI:10.1002/ecy.70474